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我下床走過(guò)去,拿起了心愛(ài)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡,它又尊敬地對(duì)我說(shuō):“小主人,請(qǐng)看窗外。”我好奇地通過(guò)望遠(yuǎn)鏡向窗外看。?。〔恢裁磿r(shí)候,屋外那片空地,變成了一片大草原,一片美麗的大草原!“真想出去玩會(huì)兒!”奇怪了,我剛有這個(gè)念頭,不知不覺(jué)間人已站在大草原上了。往四周看,卻見(jiàn)不到來(lái)時(shí)的路??磥?lái),想回家暫時(shí)是不可能了,既來(lái)之,則安之吧!我在草原上毫無(wú)目的地漫步,時(shí)而和小花開(kāi)開(kāi)玩笑,時(shí)而看小草伸伸懶腰。
走著走著,眼前出現(xiàn)了一座金光閃耀的大城堡。我很興奮,便加快腳步,向城門迅速走去。來(lái)到城門前,我敲了一下,只聽(tīng)見(jiàn)“叮咚”一聲,城門開(kāi)了。城堡里一下子出來(lái)很多人,他們好像知道我要來(lái),恭恭敬敬地齊聲對(duì)我說(shuō):“歡迎您大駕光臨,來(lái)我們這里游玩!”嘿,我什么時(shí)候成了大人物了,他們居然都對(duì)我這么尊敬,我暗暗好笑,跟著他們走進(jìn)城去。大街兩旁飄舞著的彩帶和彩球,使我眼花繚亂。我告訴他們我要獨(dú)自游覽,就一個(gè)人走開(kāi)了。玩著玩著,我有些想家了,但是找不到回家的路了??!我開(kāi)始著起急來(lái)。這時(shí),有位農(nóng)夫走過(guò),我忙攔住他,問(wèn):“您好,我是從中國(guó)浙江省湖州市德清縣新市鎮(zhèn)來(lái)的,現(xiàn)在找不到回家的路了,您能幫我嗎?”農(nóng)夫滿臉的不理解,不過(guò)幸好他會(huì)說(shuō)中文,他說(shuō):“可愛(ài)的小姑娘,我也不知道回你家該怎么走。不過(guò)我可以向你推薦一個(gè)人,離此不遠(yuǎn)處有一座翡翠城,城里有一位偉大的法師,他什么都懂,一定能幫你的。”農(nóng)夫停了停,從口袋里拿出一個(gè)戒指,親切地說(shuō):“看小姑娘你這么善良又有禮貌,我借你你個(gè)魔戒吧,戴上它,你就能騙過(guò)翡翠城的守衛(wèi),順利地進(jìn)城。進(jìn)了城就好辦了,法師人很好,不管是誰(shuí)他都樂(lè)于幫忙的。”“那我怎么還你呢?”“不要緊,你只要記得用好后馬上把它摘下就行了!”我對(duì)農(nóng)夫千恩萬(wàn)謝后,又上路了。
不久,翡翠城堡便出現(xiàn)在眼前了。果然,那些守衛(wèi)根本就沒(méi)看到我,我大搖大擺地進(jìn)了城,?。≡谶@里,眼睛能看到的一切東西都是翡翠做的,當(dāng)然人除外。我把戒指一摘下,就不見(jiàn)了。原來(lái)這戒指有靈性啊,又飛回主人那兒了。我向人一打聽(tīng),就知道了法師的住處,他實(shí)在是太有名了!很快見(jiàn)到了法師,他的胡子好長(zhǎng)啊,都快拖著地了,一看就知道法力很高強(qiáng)!我還沒(méi)開(kāi)口,法師就微笑著對(duì)我說(shuō):“孩子,你是從遙遠(yuǎn)的中國(guó)來(lái)的吧!是不是玩累了想回家???”我驚喜又好奇地問(wèn):“尊敬的大法師,您怎么知道的???真太神了!”大法師還是微笑著說(shuō):“因?yàn)槲沂欠◣煱?!?lái),現(xiàn)在就送你回家,我可愛(ài)的孩子……”我連聲道謝,只覺(jué)得慢慢置身于一個(gè)奇異的空間中……
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do, once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, “but it had no pictures or conversations in it, and what is the use of a book”, thought Alice, “without pictures or conversations?”
So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
There was nothing so very remarkable in that, nor did Alice think it so very much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, “Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!” (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural), but when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.
In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again.
The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.
Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything, then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves, here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed, it was labelled ORANGE MARMALADE, but to her great disappointment it was empty, she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.
“Well!” thought Alice to herself, “after such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they’ll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn’t say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!” (Which was very likely true.)
Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end? “I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time!” she said aloud. “I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think――” (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a very good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over)――“yes, that’s about the right distance――but then I wonder what latitude or longitude I’ve got to?”(Alice had no idea what latitude was, or longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)
Presently she began again. “I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth! How funny it’ll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think――”(she was rather glad there was no one listening, this time, as it didn’t sound at all the right word) “――but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma’am, is this New Zealand or Australia?”(and she tried to curtsey as she spoke――fancy curtseying as you’re falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) “And what an ignorant little girl she’ll think me for asking! No, it’ll never do to ask, perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.”
Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. “Dinah’ll miss me very much tonight, I should think! (Dinah was the cat.) “I hope they’ll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I’m afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that’s very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?” And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, “Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?” and sometimes, “Do bats eat cats?” for, you see, as she couldn’t answer either question, it didn’t much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, “Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?” When suddenly, thump! thump! Down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over.
Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment, she looked up, but it was all dark overhead, before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost, away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, “Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it’s getting!” She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen, she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof.
There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked, and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.
Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass, there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice’s first thought was that it might belong to one of the doors of the hall, but, alas! Either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high, she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!
Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not much larger than a rat-hole, she knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head through the doorway, “and even if my head would go through,” thought poor Alice, “it would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know how to begin.” For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really impossible.
There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes, this time she found a little bottle on it, “which certainly was not here before,” said Alice, and round the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words “DRINK ME” beautifully printed on it in large letters.
It was all very well to say“drink me”, but the wise little Alice was not going to do that in a hurry. “No, I’ll look first”, she said,“and see whether it’s marked ‘poison’ or not”, for she had read several nice little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts and other unpleasant things, all because they would not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that if you cut your finger very deeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked“poison”, it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later.
However, this bottle was not marked “poison”, so Alice ventured to taste it, and finding it very nice, (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour of cherry-tart, custard, pineapple, roast turkey, toffee, and hot buttered toast) she very soon finished it off.
“What a curious feeling!” said Alice, “I must be shutting up like a telescope.”
And so it was indeed, she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going through the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further, she felt a little nervous about this, “for it might end, you know”, said Alice toherself, “in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder what I should be like then?” And she tried to fancy what the flame of a candle is like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember ever having seen such a thing.
After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once, but, alas for poor Alice! When she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it, she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery, and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried.
“Come, there’s no use in crying like that!” said Alice to herself, rather sharply, “I advise you to leave off this minute!”She generally gave herself very good advice, (though she very seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into her eyes, and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people. “But it’s no use now”, thought poor Alice, “to pretend to be two people! Why, there’s hardly enough of me left to make one respectable person!”
Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table, she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words “EAT ME” were beautifully marked in currants. “Well, I’ll eat it,” said Alice, “and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key, and if it makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door, so either way I’ll get into the garden, and I don’t care which happens!”
She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself, “Which way? Which way?” holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was growing, and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size, to be sure, this generally happens when one eats cake, but Alice had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way.
So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.
掉進(jìn)兔子洞
愛(ài)麗絲靠著姐姐坐在河岸邊很久了,由于沒(méi)有什么事情可做,她開(kāi)始感到厭倦,她曾瞧了姐姐正在讀的那本書一兩次,可是書里沒(méi)有圖畫,也沒(méi)有對(duì)話,愛(ài)麗絲想:“要是一本書里沒(méi)有圖畫和對(duì)話,那還有什么意思呢?”
天熱得她非常困,甚至迷糊了,但是愛(ài)麗絲還是在心里認(rèn)真地盤算著,做一只雛環(huán)的樂(lè)趣,能不能抵得上摘雛菊的麻煩呢?突然一只粉紅色眼睛的白兔貼著她身邊跑過(guò)去了。
愛(ài)麗絲并沒(méi)有感到奇怪,甚至聽(tīng)到兔子自言自語(yǔ)地說(shuō):“哦,天啦,哦,天啦,我太遲了?!睈?ài)麗絲也沒(méi)有感到離奇。雖然過(guò)后,她認(rèn)為這事應(yīng)該奇怪,可當(dāng)時(shí)她的確感到很自然,但是兔子竟然從背心口袋里掏出一塊懷表看看,然后又匆匆忙忙地跑了。這時(shí),愛(ài)麗絲跳了起來(lái),她突然想到:從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)穿著有口袋的背心的兔子,更沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到過(guò)兔子還能從口袋里拿出一塊表來(lái)。她好奇地緊緊跟著兔子穿過(guò)田野,剛好看見(jiàn)兔子跳進(jìn)了樹(shù)籬下面的一個(gè)大兔子洞。
愛(ài)麗絲也緊跟著跳了進(jìn)去,根本沒(méi)考慮怎么再出來(lái)。
這個(gè)兔子洞開(kāi)始像隧道,筆直地向前,后來(lái)就突然向下了,愛(ài)麗絲還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及站住,就掉進(jìn)了一口深井里。
也許是井太深了,也許是她下降得太慢,因此,她有足夠的時(shí)間去東張西望,并且去猜測(cè)下一步會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。首先,她往下看,想知道會(huì)掉到什么地方,但是下面太黑了,什么都看不見(jiàn)。于是,她就看四周的井壁,只見(jiàn)井壁上排滿了碗櫥和書架,以及掛在釘子上的地圖和圖畫。她從一個(gè)架子上拿了一個(gè)罐頭,罐頭上寫著“桔子醬”,卻是空的,她很失望。她不敢把空罐頭扔下去,怕砸著下面的人,因此,在繼續(xù)往下掉的時(shí)候,她就把空罐頭放到另一個(gè)碗櫥里去了。
“好啊,”愛(ài)麗絲想,“經(jīng)過(guò)了這次鍛煉,我從樓梯上滾下來(lái)就不算回事了。家里的人都會(huì)認(rèn)為我多么勇敢?。『?,就是從屋頂上掉下來(lái)也沒(méi)什么了不起,”――這點(diǎn)倒很可能是真的,屋頂上摔下來(lái),會(huì)摔得說(shuō)不出話的。
掉啊,掉啊,掉啊,難道永遠(yuǎn)掉不到底了嗎?愛(ài)麗絲大聲說(shuō):“我想知道到現(xiàn)在我掉了多少英里了!我一定已經(jīng)靠近地球中心的某個(gè)地方了!讓我想想:這就是說(shuō)已經(jīng)掉了大約四千英里了,我想……”(你瞧,愛(ài)麗絲在學(xué)校里已經(jīng)學(xué)到了一點(diǎn)這類東西,雖然現(xiàn)在不是顯擺知識(shí)的時(shí)候,因?yàn)闆](méi)一個(gè)人在聽(tīng)她說(shuō)話,但是這仍然是個(gè)很好的練習(xí)。)“……是的,大概就是這個(gè)距離。那么,我現(xiàn)在究竟到了什么經(jīng)度和緯度了呢?”(愛(ài)麗絲不明白經(jīng)度和緯度是什么意思,可她認(rèn)為這是挺時(shí)髦的字眼,說(shuō)起來(lái)怪好聽(tīng)的。)
不一會(huì)兒,她又說(shuō)話了:“我想知道我會(huì)不會(huì)穿過(guò)地球,到那些頭朝下走路的人們那里,那該多么滑稽呀!我想應(yīng)該叫做‘對(duì)稱人’(19世紀(jì)中學(xué)地理教科書上流行個(gè)名詞,叫“對(duì)跖人”,意思是說(shuō)地球直徑兩端的人,腳心對(duì)著腳心。愛(ài)麗絲對(duì)“地球?qū)γ娴娜恕钡母拍钅:詾樗麄兪恰邦^朝下”走路的,而且把“對(duì)跖人”錯(cuò)念成“對(duì)稱人”了。)吧?”這次她很高興沒(méi)人聽(tīng)她說(shuō)話,因?yàn)椤皩?duì)稱人”這個(gè)名詞似乎不正確?!拔蚁胛覒?yīng)該問(wèn)問(wèn)他們這個(gè)國(guó)家叫什么名字:太太,請(qǐng)問(wèn)這是新西蘭還是澳大利亞?”(她說(shuō)這話時(shí),還試著行個(gè)屈膝禮,可是不成。你想想看,在空中掉下來(lái)時(shí)行這樣的屈膝禮,行嗎?)“如果我這樣問(wèn),人們一定會(huì)認(rèn)為我是一個(gè)無(wú)知的小姑娘哩。不,永遠(yuǎn)不能這樣問(wèn),也許我會(huì)看到它寫在哪兒的吧!”
掉啊,掉啊,掉啊,除此之外,沒(méi)別的事可干了。因此,過(guò)一會(huì)兒愛(ài)麗絲又說(shuō)話了:“我敢肯定,黛娜今晚一定非常想念我?!保炷仁侵回垺#拔蚁M麄儎e忘了午茶時(shí)給她準(zhǔn)備一碟牛奶。黛娜,我親愛(ài)的,我多么希望你也掉到這里來(lái),和我在一起呀,我怕空中沒(méi)有你吃的小老鼠,不過(guò)你可能會(huì)捉到一只蝙蝠,你要知道,它很像老鼠。可是貓吃不吃蝙蝠呢?”這時(shí),愛(ài)麗絲開(kāi)始瞌睡了,她困得迷迷糊糊時(shí)還在說(shuō):“貓吃蝙蝠嗎?貓吃蝙蝠嗎?”有時(shí)又說(shuō)成:“蝙蝠吃貓嗎?”這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題反正她哪個(gè)也回答不出來(lái),所以,她怎么問(wèn)都沒(méi)關(guān)系。這時(shí)候,她已經(jīng)睡著了,開(kāi)始做起夢(mèng)來(lái)了。她夢(mèng)見(jiàn)正同黛娜手拉著手走著,并且很認(rèn)真地問(wèn):“黛娜,告訴我,你吃過(guò)蝙蝠嗎?”,就在這時(shí),突然“砰”地一聲,她掉到了一堆枯枝敗葉上了,總算掉到底了!
愛(ài)麗絲一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)摔傷,她立即站起來(lái),向上看看,黑洞洞的。朝前一看,是個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的走廊,她又看見(jiàn)了那只白兔正急急忙忙地朝前跑。這回可別錯(cuò)過(guò)時(shí)機(jī),愛(ài)麗絲像一陣風(fēng)似地追了過(guò)去。她聽(tīng)到兔子在拐彎時(shí)說(shuō):“哎呀,我的耳朵和胡子呀,現(xiàn)在太遲了!”當(dāng)她趕到拐角時(shí),愛(ài)麗絲已經(jīng)離兔子很近了,可是兔子卻不見(jiàn)了。她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是在一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)很矮的大廳里,屋頂上懸掛著一串燈,把大廳都照亮了。
大廳四周都是門,全都鎖著,愛(ài)麗絲從這邊走到那邊,推一推,拉一拉,每扇門都打不開(kāi),她傷心地走到大廳中間,琢磨著該怎么再出去。
突然,她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張三條腿的小桌,桌子是堅(jiān)固的玻璃做的。桌上除了一把很小的金鑰匙,什么也沒(méi)有,愛(ài)麗絲一下就想到這鑰匙可能是哪個(gè)門上的。可是,哎呀,要么就是鎖太大了,要么就是鑰匙太小了,哪個(gè)門也用不上。不過(guò),在她繞第二圈時(shí),突然發(fā)現(xiàn)剛才沒(méi)注意到的一個(gè)低帳幕后面,有一扇約十五英寸高的小門。她用這個(gè)小金鑰匙往小門的鎖眼里一插,太高興了,正合適。
愛(ài)麗絲打開(kāi)了門,發(fā)現(xiàn)門外是一條小走廊,比老鼠洞還小,她跪下來(lái),順著走廊望出去,見(jiàn)到一個(gè)從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)的美麗無(wú)比的花園。她多想離開(kāi)這個(gè)黑暗的大廳,到那些美麗的花圃和清涼的噴泉中去玩呀!可是那門框連腦袋都過(guò)不去,可憐的愛(ài)麗絲想:“哎,就算頭能過(guò)去,肩膀不跟著過(guò)去也沒(méi)用,我多么希望縮成望遠(yuǎn)鏡里的小人呀?。◥?ài)麗絲常常把望遠(yuǎn)鏡倒著看,一切東西都變得又遠(yuǎn)又小,所以她認(rèn)為望遠(yuǎn)鏡可以把人放大或縮小。)我想自己能變小的,只要知道變的方法就行了。”你看,最近發(fā)生的一連串稀奇古怪的事,使得愛(ài)麗絲認(rèn)為沒(méi)有什么事是不可能的了。
看來(lái),守在小門旁是沒(méi)什么用了,于是,她回到桌子邊,希望還能再找到一把鑰匙,至少也得找到一本教人變成望遠(yuǎn)鏡里小人的書,可這次,她發(fā)現(xiàn)桌上有一只小瓶。愛(ài)麗絲說(shuō):“這小瓶剛才確實(shí)不在這里?!逼靠谏舷抵粡埣堉茦?biāo)簽,上面印著兩個(gè)很漂亮的大字:“喝我”。
說(shuō)“喝我”倒不錯(cuò),可是聰明的小愛(ài)麗絲不會(huì)忙著去喝的。她說(shuō):“不行,我得先看看,上面有沒(méi)有寫著‘毒藥’兩個(gè)字?!币?yàn)樗x過(guò)一些很精彩的小故事,關(guān)于孩子們?cè)鯓颖粺齻⒈灰矮F吃掉,以及其它一些令人不愉快的事情,所有這些,都是因?yàn)檫@些孩子們沒(méi)有記住朋友們的話,例如:握撥火棍時(shí)間太久就會(huì)把手燒壞;小刀割手指太深就會(huì)出血,等等。她可沒(méi)忘記喝了寫著“毒藥”瓶里的藥水,遲早會(huì)受害的。
然而瓶子上沒(méi)有“毒藥”字樣,所以愛(ài)麗絲冒險(xiǎn)地嘗了嘗,感到非常好吃,它混合著櫻桃餡餅、奶油蛋糕、菠蘿、烤火雞、太妃糖、熱奶油面包的味道。愛(ài)麗絲一口氣就把一瓶喝光了。
“多么奇怪的感覺(jué)呀!”愛(ài)麗絲說(shuō),“我一定變成望遠(yuǎn)鏡里的小人了?!?/p>
的確是這樣,她高興得眉飛色舞,現(xiàn)在她只有十英寸高了,已經(jīng)可以到那個(gè)可愛(ài)的花園里去了。不過(guò),她又等了幾分鐘,看看會(huì)不會(huì)繼續(xù)縮小下去。想到這點(diǎn),她有點(diǎn)不安了?!熬烤箷?huì)怎么收?qǐng)瞿??”?ài)麗絲對(duì)自己說(shuō),“或許會(huì)像蠟燭的火苗那樣,全部縮沒(méi)了。那么我會(huì)怎么樣呢?”她又努力試著想象蠟燭滅了后的火焰會(huì)是個(gè)什么樣子,因?yàn)樗龔膩?lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)那樣的東西。
過(guò)了一小會(huì)兒,好像不會(huì)再發(fā)生什么事情了,她決定立刻到花園去??墒?,哎喲!可憐的愛(ài)麗絲!她走到門口,發(fā)覺(jué)忘拿了那把小金鑰匙。在回到桌子旁準(zhǔn)備再拿的時(shí)候,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)夠不著鑰匙了,她只能透過(guò)玻璃桌面清楚地看到它,她攀著桌腿盡力向上爬,可是桌腿太滑了,她一次又一次地溜了下來(lái),弄得她精疲力盡。于是,這個(gè)可憐的小家伙坐在地上哭了起來(lái)。
“起來(lái),哭是沒(méi)用的!”愛(ài)麗絲嚴(yán)厲地對(duì)自己說(shuō),“限你一分鐘內(nèi)就停止哭!”她經(jīng)常給自己下命令(雖然她很少聽(tīng)從這種命令),有時(shí)甚至把自己罵哭了。記得有一次她同自己比賽槌球,由于她騙了自己,她就打了自己一記耳光,這個(gè)奇怪的小孩很喜歡裝成兩個(gè)人,“但是現(xiàn)在還裝什么兩個(gè)人呢?”可憐的小愛(ài)麗絲想,“唉!現(xiàn)在我小得連做一個(gè)像樣的人都不夠了?!?/p>
不一會(huì)兒,她的目光落在桌子下面的一個(gè)小玻璃盒子上。打開(kāi)一看,里面有塊很小的點(diǎn)心,點(diǎn)心上用葡萄干精致地嵌著“吃我”兩個(gè)字,“好,我就吃它,”愛(ài)麗絲說(shuō),“如果它使我變大,我就能夠著鑰匙了;如果它使我變得更小,我就可以從門縫下面爬過(guò)去,反正不管怎樣,我都可以到那個(gè)花園里去了。因此無(wú)論怎么變,我都不在乎。”
她只吃了一小口,就焦急地問(wèn)自己:“是哪一種,變大還是變???”她用手摸摸頭頂,想知道變成哪種樣子??墒欠浅F婀郑稽c(diǎn)沒(méi)變,說(shuō)實(shí)話,這本來(lái)是吃點(diǎn)心的正?,F(xiàn)象,可是愛(ài)麗絲已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了稀奇古怪的事兒,生活中的正常事情倒顯得乏味和愚蠢了。
妓院客滿打一成語(yǔ)井井有條,意思是形容說(shuō)話辦事有條有理。出自《荀子·儒效》:“井井兮其有理也?!避髯邮侵枷爰?、文學(xué)家、政治家,時(shí)人尊稱“荀卿”。
荀子對(duì)儒家思想有所發(fā)展,在人性問(wèn)題上,提倡性惡論,主張人性有惡,否認(rèn)天賦的道德觀念,強(qiáng)調(diào)后天環(huán)境和教育對(duì)人的影響。其學(xué)說(shuō)常被后人拿來(lái)跟孟子的‘性善論’比較,荀子對(duì)重新整理儒家典籍也有相當(dāng)顯著的貢獻(xiàn)。
(來(lái)源:文章屋網(wǎng) )
愛(ài)麗絲覺(jué)得很有道理,于是和小老鼠繼續(xù)尋找。功夫不負(fù)有心人,它們?cè)谑谏险业搅艘粋€(gè)凸起的泥快,它們使勁一按,從旁邊的洞里出來(lái)一張紙條,字是閃光的,上面寫道:想找到真正的密碼嗎?它并不是數(shù)字。去地洞找。“哪里有地洞呀?”愛(ài)麗絲說(shuō)。奇奇想了一會(huì)兒?!芭?,我明白了。”奇奇說(shuō)。
再說(shuō)說(shuō)手機(jī)們吧。它們出地道以后,到了繁華的都市,可是根本找不到回家的路,小手機(jī)們?cè)谝黄鹕塘繉?duì)策。一部手機(jī)說(shuō):“我主人的小區(qū)里有一個(gè)事物追蹤箱,丟失的物品可以在那里找。我主人是好人,她能幫你們找到主人。”聽(tīng)了這個(gè),大家高高興興的去了失物追蹤箱里。在箱里,有一部手機(jī)問(wèn)道:“假如有人看到我們是手機(jī)然后拿走,但她并不是我們的主人,這可怎么辦?”大家你望望我,我望望你,誰(shuí)也不知道怎么辦。剛才說(shuō)話的手機(jī)說(shuō),我們可以藏到大手機(jī)店里呀,這樣說(shuō)不定能找到一個(gè)新主人。“好!”大家異口同聲的說(shuō)。
大家又去了手機(jī)店,店主卻說(shuō)什么也不收留它們,說(shuō)它們是從主人手里逃出來(lái)的,命令它們快回主人那里去。
小手機(jī)們和愛(ài)麗絲的命運(yùn)究竟如何呢?請(qǐng)關(guān)注仙境夢(mèng)旅之手機(jī)漫游記(4)。
1.文獻(xiàn)回顧與綜述
究竟什么是文化旅游至今尚未達(dá)成共識(shí),主要有以下的代表性觀點(diǎn):文化旅游包括對(duì)語(yǔ)言、藝術(shù)、建筑、古跡、節(jié)慶活動(dòng)、遺產(chǎn)資源、宗教、教育和目的地的感悟等[2];是旅游者為實(shí)現(xiàn)特殊的文化感受,對(duì)旅游資源內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行深入體驗(yàn),從而得到全方位的精神和文化享受的一種旅游類型[3];是指對(duì)體驗(yàn)文化經(jīng)歷有特殊興趣的游客發(fā)生的旅游行為,包括一般的遺產(chǎn)旅游、自然歷史旅游、生態(tài)旅游、體育旅游以及農(nóng)業(yè)旅游等[4]。筆者認(rèn)為文化旅游就是通過(guò)一定方法途徑進(jìn)入其他的文化和地區(qū),并了解當(dāng)?shù)剡z產(chǎn)、文化藝術(shù)、居民生產(chǎn)生活方式的一種特定的游覽方式。
通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的研究,我國(guó)目前對(duì)于文化旅游的研究存在很多的不足,如:對(duì)于文化旅游的概念模糊不清,至今尚未達(dá)成共識(shí),有些甚至將“文化旅游”與“旅游文化”混為一談;國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外對(duì)于文化旅游綜述方面的研究較少,還有學(xué)者們傾向于對(duì)某個(gè)地域和某類文化資源進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的研究,從而沒(méi)有對(duì)文化旅游的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行綜合宏觀的研究;在關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)上國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)于文化旅游的研究也不同,國(guó)外主要研究遺產(chǎn)旅游方面,而國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者主要研究文化旅游資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展、保護(hù)與開(kāi)發(fā)等問(wèn)題。
2.研究方法與設(shè)計(jì)
2.1方法使用
此次問(wèn)卷的發(fā)放地點(diǎn)為北京市、保定市、天津市和滿城縣。問(wèn)卷主要考察四方面信息:旅游資源知名度;漢文化旅游潛在市場(chǎng)分析;漢文化旅游應(yīng)建項(xiàng)目;漢文化旅游可能受到的制約條件。問(wèn)卷發(fā)放時(shí)間為北京2014年6月至7月,發(fā)放250份,回收236份,有效問(wèn)卷193份,有效率81.8%,問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果有效。除此之外,還應(yīng)用了訪談法。
2.2 研究區(qū)概況
滿城漢墓是漢代劉勝和竇綰的墓,其內(nèi)出土的部分文物資源知名度高。據(jù)調(diào)查顯示:83.4%的人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)“金縷玉衣”,68.9%的人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)“長(zhǎng)信宮燈”。同時(shí),滿城縣位于京津冀旅游帶,京津石三城中心,靠近白洋淀、瑯琊山等知名景區(qū),以大城市為依托,有大量旅游客源和潛在旅游客源。
目前,滿城縣旅游整體呈現(xiàn)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展相對(duì)落后、交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施差、旅游配套不足、單一靜態(tài)的文化展示等問(wèn)題。除此之外還存在山水資源破壞嚴(yán)重,實(shí)地調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)漢墓兩側(cè)山體已經(jīng)被部分開(kāi)采破壞,但在國(guó)家越來(lái)越重視文化,旅游業(yè)將發(fā)展成為國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)略性支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)等大背景下,滿城漢墓發(fā)展文化旅游還是有潛力的。
3.發(fā)展?jié)h文化旅游應(yīng)開(kāi)展的旅游項(xiàng)目
3.1發(fā)展?jié)h文化旅游項(xiàng)目指導(dǎo)模型研究
首先應(yīng)該確定“漢文化”為滿城漢墓開(kāi)發(fā)的核心主題。然后在觀光的基礎(chǔ)上充分發(fā)揮其娛樂(lè)功能、休閑度假功能、教育功能、商業(yè)功能。要充分發(fā)揮以上四個(gè)功能則需要從“吃、住、行、游、娛、購(gòu)”的角度全方位、多層次的挖掘,這些內(nèi)容最終體現(xiàn)在游客的味覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、視覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)上(圖1)。
旅游項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)該在“漢文化”主題下,把提升文化內(nèi)涵貫穿到吃、住、行、游、娛、購(gòu)和旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的全過(guò)程中,從視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、動(dòng)覺(jué)等多角度全方位的設(shè)計(jì)引起客人共鳴、參與性強(qiáng)、互動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的立體化旅游項(xiàng)目。隨著旅游產(chǎn)品和文化資源的高度融合發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)單一觀光旅游產(chǎn)品正在向體驗(yàn)性、參與性和文化性的多元化產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)化。多元化的旅游產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)定位是文化遺產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)的前提和保障,因此,對(duì)旅游產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)定位既要有高雅的宮廷文化,也要有民俗、民間市井草根文化,這樣才能充分體現(xiàn)文化遺產(chǎn)資源的多元化。
3.2 滿城縣應(yīng)開(kāi)展的旅游項(xiàng)目
滿城漢墓旅游項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)遵循上述構(gòu)建的“滿城縣漢文化旅游項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)模型”。同時(shí),通過(guò)調(diào)研與實(shí)地考察,結(jié)合我國(guó)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的宏觀趨勢(shì),滿城漢墓景區(qū)未來(lái)應(yīng)該實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變:由單一觀光旅游轉(zhuǎn)向多元休閑度假旅游,由低層次消費(fèi)游轉(zhuǎn)向涵蓋高中低層次的消費(fèi)游,由漢墓陵墓景區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)向漢王宮主題文化景區(qū)。
打造漢王宮文化藝術(shù)中心?!皾h文化”是滿城漢墓景區(qū)的主題和靈魂,因此必須構(gòu)建一個(gè)漢王宮文化藝術(shù)中心傳承漢文化。在“漢王宮文化藝術(shù)中心”設(shè)計(jì)展現(xiàn)兩漢風(fēng)韻的大型實(shí)景演出、舞臺(tái)演出等,活化漢文化、傳承漢文化、發(fā)展演繹漢文化;每年定期舉辦漢文化論壇節(jié),邀請(qǐng)知名專家參加,探討漢文化論題,展現(xiàn)漢文化魅力,在中國(guó)還缺少漢文化這樣高級(jí)別的論壇,將漢王宮文化論壇打造成為國(guó)內(nèi)外知名的論壇,以遠(yuǎn)近聞名的文化論壇來(lái)提升滿城漢墓的旅游知名度。打造“漢王宮文化藝術(shù)中心”旨在發(fā)揮娛樂(lè)功能、商業(yè)功能及教育功能,從視覺(jué)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)的角度給游客以震撼??紤]到可行性和實(shí)操性,從人才的引進(jìn)的角度來(lái)講,漢王宮文化藝術(shù)中心內(nèi)開(kāi)展的演出、漢文化有關(guān)的藝術(shù)品展演、文化論壇等是完全可行的。因?yàn)闈M城縣瀕臨北京,歌舞團(tuán)的引進(jìn)、專人才的聚集等都非常方便。
規(guī)劃建設(shè)漢王宮博物館。作為一個(gè)歷史文化景區(qū),應(yīng)該規(guī)劃建設(shè)“漢王宮博物館”以介紹宣傳漢文化,通過(guò)視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)的應(yīng)用,增強(qiáng)游客體驗(yàn),達(dá)到其教育、娛樂(lè)等功能。以多館聯(lián)合的博物館群落形態(tài)及突破單調(diào)乏味的靜態(tài)展示模式為主要建設(shè)思路,建設(shè)出土文物展覽館、漢代服裝服飾展覽館、漢代風(fēng)云人物館、漢代詩(shī)歌文化館、漢代行業(yè)百態(tài)館、漢代軍事戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)館等;館內(nèi)應(yīng)該有漢代游戲娛樂(lè)、多媒體展示、虛擬/數(shù)字化展示、場(chǎng)景展示與模擬、活動(dòng)參與、情境體驗(yàn)等,增強(qiáng)視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)體驗(yàn)。在實(shí)地調(diào)研中發(fā)現(xiàn),滿城漢墓出土的“金縷玉衣”“長(zhǎng)信宮燈”等都已經(jīng)在省級(jí)以上展覽館展出,所以需要有關(guān)人員協(xié)調(diào)“請(qǐng)回”文物。
規(guī)劃建設(shè)做一天漢代百姓體驗(yàn)游基地。約40%游客認(rèn)為漢文化體驗(yàn)類活動(dòng)是最吸引游客的項(xiàng)目。滿城漢墓附近有個(gè)明以前就存在的看守漢墓的守陵村,其歷史悠久,和古墓有非常密切的關(guān)系。在這樣一個(gè)具有歷史底蘊(yùn)的村子里,開(kāi)展一天漢代百姓體驗(yàn)游是可行的。以守陵村為基地,打造漢代村莊,呈現(xiàn)漢代農(nóng)家百姓生活場(chǎng)景。對(duì)村內(nèi)房屋建筑統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃,按照漢代風(fēng)格進(jìn)行“穿衣戴帽”的改造。對(duì)從業(yè)人員開(kāi)展統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn),統(tǒng)一著漢代服飾,說(shuō)漢代語(yǔ)言,展?jié)h代禮儀。同時(shí),通過(guò)對(duì)漢代飲食文化的研究,在政府的指導(dǎo)和管理下開(kāi)漢代客棧;通過(guò)對(duì)漢代各種身份地位人出席乘坐車馬進(jìn)行研究,在守陵村景區(qū)內(nèi)開(kāi)發(fā)漢代出行方式??傊η笤谑亓甏鍍?nèi)還原漢代的生活方式,增加游客的參與性。
規(guī)劃建設(shè)漢王宮皇家園林。仿照漢代上林苑三十六苑、十二宮、三十五觀布局風(fēng)格,依照漢代宮苑建筑風(fēng)格,借鑒江南園林成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),設(shè)計(jì)漢代皇室休閑游樂(lè)園。重現(xiàn)漢代貴族“身若點(diǎn)漆,水若流泉,粉扇靡效,宴戲鮮歡”的場(chǎng)景和生活方式。使游客體驗(yàn)兩千年前貴族的休閑娛樂(lè)方式。問(wèn)卷調(diào)查顯示對(duì)漢王宮宴非常感興趣和感興趣的比例分別是34.7%、29.5%,共計(jì)64.2%,漢代美食類是游客最喜愛(ài)的旅游項(xiàng),所以在漢王宮皇家園林建筑內(nèi)群內(nèi)舉辦漢宴競(jìng)技大賽與漢宴美食文化節(jié),以漢代皇帝為出發(fā)點(diǎn),研發(fā)漢宴系列菜肴產(chǎn)品,如高祖艱難開(kāi)國(guó)宴、文景簡(jiǎn)樸治國(guó)宴、孝武盛世榮國(guó)宴、烈祖?zhèn)髌嫒龂?guó)宴等。游客在品嘗漢代美食的同時(shí)深入了解漢展歷程。據(jù)史料記載,劉勝其人樂(lè)酒好內(nèi),所以也可以開(kāi)展“品酒文化節(jié)”。借“品酒文化節(jié)”和“漢宴美食文化節(jié)”從味覺(jué)、視覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)上打動(dòng)游客。
馬塞爾·萬(wàn)德斯是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)師、家具設(shè)計(jì)師、室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師、建筑設(shè)計(jì)師。他夸張的反傳統(tǒng)的天賦引起了媒體、各大品牌和世界最權(quán)威博物館的關(guān)注,并成為荷蘭新設(shè)計(jì)最重要的代表人物。
馬塞爾能成為荷蘭近年來(lái)最耀眼的設(shè)計(jì)巨星之一,除了他驚人的創(chuàng)作力與生意頭腦,他強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人風(fēng)格、電影明星般的外貌以及擲地有聲的談吐,無(wú)一不強(qiáng)化著這一形象。永不枯竭的靈感讓馬塞爾常年處于“奔馳”的狀態(tài)中樂(lè)此不疲,這也讓他一年里至少有大半的時(shí)間在國(guó)外奔波,不是忙著到世界各地進(jìn)行他的室內(nèi)裝潢計(jì)劃,就是旅行全球到不同的設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院演講、授課。他的瘋狂有時(shí)便會(huì)在他的演講中進(jìn)發(fā)。在一次重要演講中,馬塞爾談到:“每當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)師提出一個(gè)新想法,他們就像赤身一樣,但即便如此他們也應(yīng)該毫無(wú)畏懼。而且,我認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)出人意料?!彼?,為了給自己的觀點(diǎn)“背書”,馬塞爾在演講當(dāng)中邊講邊脫衣服,快脫到的時(shí)候,他離開(kāi)了舞臺(tái),隨后舞臺(tái)燈滅,突然間他從一個(gè)大糖果盒中沖出,裸奔過(guò)舞臺(tái)。
瘋狂的馬塞爾其實(shí)是個(gè)學(xué)院派。1988年他以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)于阿納姆藝術(shù)學(xué)校(ARTSARNHEM),他曾輾轉(zhuǎn)于四個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)院校,主攻工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。馬塞爾作為設(shè)計(jì)師的成長(zhǎng)軌跡有些曲折,他曾經(jīng)被所上的第一間設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)校退學(xué),但是他卻認(rèn)為當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)校的做法很正確,“因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),”馬塞爾說(shuō),“當(dāng)時(shí)他們想教我如何畫出漂亮的曲線,如何繪制漂亮的盒子。而我卻總是在盒子外思考,把我能犯的錯(cuò)誤都犯過(guò)了(人需要犯錯(cuò)誤)。不過(guò)終于,我還是從設(shè)計(jì)院校畢業(yè)了。你需要不懈的努力,但同時(shí)要保持本心?!?/p>
上世紀(jì)90年代因DROOG DEASIGN概念運(yùn)動(dòng)而聲名大噪。1992年,創(chuàng)辦了WAACSDEDIGN&CON CONSULTANCY;1995年創(chuàng)辦了WANDERSWONDERS工作室;2000年,他吸納最有天賦的設(shè)計(jì)師,創(chuàng)辦了MOOOI,一個(gè)精致而創(chuàng)新的裝飾品牌,并擔(dān)任藝術(shù)總監(jiān)。他與國(guó)際知名公司,如BRITISH AIRWAYS、BOFFI、CAPPELLINI、FLOS、MANDARINA DUCK、CASSINA和MAGIS合作。
馬塞爾設(shè)計(jì)中的幽默感每每讓大眾欲罷不能,從讓他一炮而紅的“繩結(jié)椅”(KNOTTEDCHAIRs)到為FLOS設(shè)計(jì)的蛹吊燈(ZEPPELINCHANDELIER)、涕泗橫流花瓶(AIRBORNESNOTTY VASE)、肥皂碟形的乳白浴缸(SOAPSTAR),馬塞爾都展現(xiàn)出他那有點(diǎn)怪異又有點(diǎn)頑皮,幽默而不落俗套的創(chuàng)意。他常常從寓言和夢(mèng)幻世界汲取靈感,作品引人遐想,被廣泛登載并多次獲獎(jiǎng)。他的作品在紐約現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)館、舊金山現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館、阿姆斯特丹STEDELIJK博物館和德國(guó)的VITRA DESIGN博物館展出。目前馬塞爾正在籌備2014年將在阿姆斯特丹市立美術(shù)館舉辦的回顧展。
馬塞爾的作品由外觀形狀、顏色、尺寸就能感受到其風(fēng)格線索,不論自己創(chuàng)作還是與他人合作,透過(guò)固定的元素去變化來(lái)產(chǎn)生故事性,這是他最有效也最強(qiáng)烈的特點(diǎn),讓你從踏入大門那一刻起就開(kāi)始探索他故事的方向。最有名的就是他-戴著金鼻的造型和那瞪眼的表情,你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)他底子里想要娛樂(lè)大家的一面,后來(lái)由這造型所延伸的臉部剪紙圖騰,已經(jīng)成為他的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)了,出現(xiàn)在燭臺(tái)、桌子、沙發(fā)、圖樣等各類作品里。
馬塞爾的詩(shī)人氣質(zhì)時(shí)不時(shí)會(huì)在他的設(shè)計(jì)中閃現(xiàn),有時(shí)僅僅用作品呈現(xiàn)還不足夠,他還曾為自己的作品賦詩(shī)一首,像這首他寫給“向日葵之金”地板的詩(shī):
日漸段夜?jié)u長(zhǎng),
窗戶對(duì)陽(yáng)光的渴望愈見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)。
高懸于上,世世不落,
臭氧接近,太陽(yáng)是一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的朋友。
因此,荷蘭雄獅尋求它那金黃的影子。
奔跑,塵云在他眼前,
神奇的陽(yáng)光普照大地,
歐美對(duì)華太陽(yáng)能光伏一連串雙反(反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼)調(diào)查,令國(guó)內(nèi)光伏企業(yè)苦不堪言。相關(guān)公司除了股價(jià)暴跌業(yè)績(jī)變臉,相互之間的官司也時(shí)有發(fā)生。9月5日,京運(yùn)通(601908.SH)公告稱,因其大客戶東方日升(300118.SZ)未履行采購(gòu)合同,已將其告上法庭。對(duì)此,次日東方日升公告稱,尚未收到上述案件的主審法院簽發(fā)的應(yīng)訴通知書。
華創(chuàng)證券新能源分析師詹杰向《投資者報(bào)》記者表示,在目前的形勢(shì)下,這樣的官司并非偶然。雙方肯定都有自己的原因和問(wèn)題。
10月8日,東方日升總經(jīng)理特別助理兼董秘雪山行告訴記者,目前案件還在等待審理當(dāng)中,不過(guò)對(duì)東方日升的影響不會(huì)很大。京運(yùn)通投資者關(guān)系部人士也表示,一切以公告披露為主,目前還沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)展。業(yè)內(nèi)人士指出,類似的官司至少要等三個(gè)月以上才會(huì)出結(jié)果。
業(yè)績(jī)變臉股價(jià)深跌
當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間10月10日,美國(guó)商務(wù)部裁定,中國(guó)企業(yè)的最終反傾銷稅率為18.32%~249.96%,與初裁相差不大;而最終反補(bǔ)貼稅率則大幅增至14.78%~15.97%。
華創(chuàng)證券新能源分析師詹杰表示,這是美國(guó)商務(wù)部的最終裁定,不過(guò)之前就已經(jīng)有了初裁,消息并不令人意外。海外的產(chǎn)業(yè)情況不是很好,不會(huì)為了環(huán)保,而不考慮本國(guó)的情況。
歐美對(duì)華太陽(yáng)能光伏一連串雙反調(diào)查以及國(guó)內(nèi)光伏企業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩,使得光伏企業(yè)面臨困境。被譽(yù)為光伏行業(yè)“新星”的東方日升在2012年上半年業(yè)績(jī)下滑嚴(yán)重,其上半年實(shí)現(xiàn)營(yíng)業(yè)收入7.52億元,同比下降37.46%,實(shí)現(xiàn)凈利潤(rùn)151.28萬(wàn)元,同比下降98.12%。
不過(guò)10月8日,東方日升董秘雪山行告訴記者,“業(yè)績(jī)下滑的主要原因是毛利率下降,其實(shí)訂單量比去年有所增加?!痹谒磥?lái),隨著國(guó)內(nèi)扶持政策的出臺(tái)以及產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)步,未來(lái)情況應(yīng)該能有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
而京運(yùn)通的中報(bào)顯示,2012年上半年公司實(shí)現(xiàn)營(yíng)業(yè)收入2.44億元,同比下降76.12%;實(shí)現(xiàn)凈利潤(rùn)0.24億元,同比下降93.01%。業(yè)績(jī)下滑的主要原因是光伏行業(yè)景氣度低迷,下游硅片生產(chǎn)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)形式惡化,公司設(shè)備和多晶硅片業(yè)務(wù)收入雙雙下滑。
伴隨著業(yè)績(jī)大幅下滑,光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的相關(guān)上市公司股價(jià)也出現(xiàn)大幅下跌。京運(yùn)通股價(jià)已經(jīng)從去年上市時(shí)的最高價(jià)49.99元,下跌到目前的6元多點(diǎn),除權(quán)后的股價(jià)已經(jīng)下跌近80%。而東方日升的股價(jià),也從去年最高時(shí)的81.99元下降到目前的4元多,除權(quán)后的股價(jià)也跌去80%左右。
京運(yùn)通屢訴上游光伏客戶
在這種情況下,京運(yùn)通與下游企業(yè)的糾紛接踵而來(lái)。今年6月份,京運(yùn)通先是受曾經(jīng)的最大客戶江西賽維危機(jī)擴(kuò)散的影響,終止與其的近12億元合同;接著京運(yùn)通徹底“翻臉”,向上海仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)提出仲裁,向江西賽維討要上億元的違約金。到目前為止,公司尚未公告仲裁結(jié)果。10月11日,京運(yùn)通投資者關(guān)系部有關(guān)人士表示,目前還沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步進(jìn)展。
京運(yùn)通的第二個(gè)對(duì)象是東方日升。其稱東方日升向京運(yùn)通的采購(gòu)出現(xiàn)違約。東方日升為京運(yùn)通主要客戶。2011年上半年?yáng)|方日升采購(gòu)金額為6290.6萬(wàn)元,占公司當(dāng)期營(yíng)業(yè)收入的6.16%,是公司第四大客戶。
9月5日,京運(yùn)通披露,東方日升沒(méi)有履行2010年9月25日與無(wú)錫榮能半導(dǎo)體材料有限公司(京運(yùn)通子公司,以下簡(jiǎn)稱“無(wú)錫榮能”)簽訂的《產(chǎn)品購(gòu)銷合同》,進(jìn)行多晶硅片和單晶硅片的采購(gòu),已構(gòu)成合同違約。京運(yùn)通請(qǐng)求判令東方日升向無(wú)錫榮能支付已經(jīng)發(fā)生的實(shí)際損失5699.5萬(wàn)元,并判令東方日升繼續(xù)履行合同。
京運(yùn)通同時(shí)表示,鑒于本案尚未開(kāi)庭審理,目前無(wú)法判斷本次公告的訴訟事項(xiàng)對(duì)公司本期利潤(rùn)或期后利潤(rùn)的影響。
官司將持續(xù)三個(gè)月以上
不過(guò)隨后,東方日升公告稱,京運(yùn)通沒(méi)有按事先約定的價(jià)格為東方日升供貨。東方日升8月份已針對(duì)無(wú)錫榮能未歸還定金等問(wèn)題向法院提訟,并已獲得法院受理。
雪山行表示,其實(shí)上述訴訟案件很簡(jiǎn)單,當(dāng)時(shí),硅料比較緊俏,因此東方日升與京運(yùn)通簽訂了合同,希望一月一簽,每月價(jià)格按照市場(chǎng)價(jià)定。而現(xiàn)在價(jià)格大幅下滑,雙方不能按照市場(chǎng)價(jià)格談妥相關(guān)事宜,于是東方日升就開(kāi)始向市場(chǎng)購(gòu)買。
不過(guò),詹杰分析師告訴記者,一方認(rèn)為合同未履行,另一方則認(rèn)為價(jià)格不合理,雙方都指責(zé)對(duì)方違約。在光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)遭遇寒冬的情形下,這并不是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象,是由經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況不好所致。一般來(lái)說(shuō),雙方都會(huì)有自己的原因。
京運(yùn)通投資者關(guān)系部人士表示,與東方日升和與江西塞維的官司還沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)展,訴訟事件相對(duì)比較長(zhǎng),到庭審會(huì)有公告。
10月10日,江蘇省無(wú)錫市中級(jí)人民法院民二庭負(fù)責(zé)人向《投資者報(bào)》記者確認(rèn),該案件還在受理中,未到審判階段。
關(guān)鍵詞:環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì);動(dòng)畫漫游;建筑
伴隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,國(guó)內(nèi)各行業(yè)都有了很大的進(jìn)步,尤其是以科技為依托的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù),是現(xiàn)代前沿科技的代表之一。環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域同樣如此,人們對(duì)于精神生活的要求越來(lái)越高,自身的藝術(shù)修養(yǎng)與欣賞水平也在不斷提升,對(duì)于居住環(huán)境也提出了人文、綠化等要求,“未動(dòng)工,先見(jiàn)形”已經(jīng)成為建筑與環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)行業(yè)的基本要求。建筑動(dòng)畫漫游應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,在現(xiàn)在乃至將來(lái)都是藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域熱門的概念。
一、動(dòng)畫漫游中的建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)
建筑動(dòng)畫漫游是在科技的依托下,將環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的思維方式與創(chuàng)作手法和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)相結(jié)合,根據(jù)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)圖紙將建筑、園林景觀以及各種生活配套設(shè)施等諸多環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)元素通過(guò)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)展現(xiàn)出來(lái),是現(xiàn)代城市規(guī)劃與建筑設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域普遍采用的一種較先進(jìn)的科技手段。近年來(lái),隨著數(shù)字科技的進(jìn)步,建筑動(dòng)畫漫游在國(guó)內(nèi)外都得到了更多的運(yùn)用。與以往的建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)方式相比,建筑動(dòng)畫漫游有著前所未有的人機(jī)交互性特征,其制作呈現(xiàn)的真實(shí)建筑空間感和大面積的三維地形仿真,都是傳統(tǒng)建筑規(guī)劃與環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)所不能比擬的。建筑動(dòng)畫漫游能夠較為全面地展現(xiàn)建筑整體的建成效果,甚至可以通過(guò)虛擬技術(shù)制作出實(shí)拍所無(wú)法展現(xiàn)的鏡頭,有利于建筑設(shè)計(jì)師將設(shè)計(jì)思想準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地體現(xiàn)在建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)中。通過(guò)建筑動(dòng)畫漫游,人們能夠提前看到未來(lái)居住環(huán)境的概貌,感受到未來(lái)家園的美麗景象。目前,房地產(chǎn)商在開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目之前,往往會(huì)將整體設(shè)計(jì)理念通過(guò)三維圖像技術(shù)進(jìn)行綜合體現(xiàn),對(duì)整體的建筑環(huán)境進(jìn)行現(xiàn)實(shí)模擬,展現(xiàn)未來(lái)的設(shè)計(jì)效果。在建筑動(dòng)畫漫游中,人們可以在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的三維環(huán)境下,用動(dòng)態(tài)交互方式對(duì)未來(lái)的居住環(huán)境,包括室內(nèi)環(huán)境、室外景觀、生活設(shè)施等方面,進(jìn)行身臨其境的綜合體驗(yàn)與全面審視,可以在任意的角度與距離仔細(xì)觀察每一個(gè)場(chǎng)景;人們能夠選擇多種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,自由控制瀏覽路線,通過(guò)行走、駕駛或者飛翔等不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,選擇多種路線進(jìn)行觀察。而且在整個(gè)漫游過(guò)程中,還能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)多種設(shè)計(jì)方案效果的切換,人們可以感受不同設(shè)計(jì)方案中不同的環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)效果,從而獲得強(qiáng)烈、逼真的感官?zèng)_擊和身臨其境的體驗(yàn)。
二、動(dòng)畫漫游制作中的環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)思維
虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)中體現(xiàn)的環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì),是通過(guò)動(dòng)畫漫游的視覺(jué)形式而體現(xiàn)的一種環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)展現(xiàn)方式,可以為觀眾提供更直觀的視覺(jué)參考,也是人們了解環(huán)境整體設(shè)計(jì)的便捷途徑。在建筑動(dòng)畫漫游中,關(guān)于環(huán)境建筑場(chǎng)景的設(shè)計(jì)需要遵循如下幾種思維方式。第一,建筑動(dòng)畫漫游中環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)的整體思維方式。在這里,整體思維也稱為系統(tǒng)思維,它認(rèn)為整體是由局部有序組織構(gòu)成的,并且要求綜合、全面、整體地把握設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象。在進(jìn)行建筑動(dòng)畫漫游的整體環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),設(shè)計(jì)師自始至終要保持一種整體、全面、系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)作理念,并且要在設(shè)計(jì)制作過(guò)程中處理好整體與局部的關(guān)系。整體來(lái)看,建筑物設(shè)計(jì)、景觀設(shè)計(jì)、場(chǎng)景設(shè)計(jì)或者內(nèi)部裝飾設(shè)計(jì),在整個(gè)動(dòng)畫漫游制作中都屬于局部設(shè)計(jì),這些局部設(shè)計(jì)中要體現(xiàn)整體思維的內(nèi)在特質(zhì)。在實(shí)際的建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,局部設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)師,如景觀設(shè)計(jì)師,在設(shè)計(jì)之初就要與主創(chuàng)人員進(jìn)行溝通與交流,并達(dá)成統(tǒng)一的創(chuàng)作意圖與目標(biāo)。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師要從宏觀上整體把握整體動(dòng)畫漫游制作的景觀造型、色彩與情景基調(diào),從整體上駕馭動(dòng)畫漫游作品的關(guān)系框架,因?yàn)榫坝^設(shè)計(jì)在整體的建筑動(dòng)畫漫游中能夠起到銜接的作用。在一些具有復(fù)古風(fēng)格的現(xiàn)代傳統(tǒng)建筑設(shè)計(jì)中,設(shè)計(jì)師需要按照一定的程序系統(tǒng)地進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),一般環(huán)節(jié)為搜集素材、整合材料、創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)等。首先要搜集素材,傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格的建筑設(shè)計(jì)素材搜集一般包括考古資料、實(shí)物素材以及當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆罘绞?、建筑營(yíng)造方式甚至氣候特征等多方面。其次是整合材料,對(duì)于搜集到的所有素材,要根據(jù)整體設(shè)計(jì)需求進(jìn)行整合、歸納,目的是使素材條理化、系統(tǒng)化、合理化、簡(jiǎn)潔化,為整體設(shè)計(jì)提供直接的參考數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)資料。再次是創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì),根據(jù)所整理出的設(shè)計(jì)素材,先要設(shè)計(jì)出整體規(guī)劃的平面圖紙;再根據(jù)整體動(dòng)畫漫游制作的意圖與目的,包括風(fēng)格、色彩基調(diào)等,進(jìn)行局部的建筑與具體物件設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì);到后期還需要將局部的個(gè)體設(shè)計(jì)放在整體的大關(guān)系中進(jìn)行調(diào)整??偟膩?lái)看,動(dòng)畫漫游的整體制作過(guò)程也就是由整體構(gòu)思到局部設(shè)計(jì)再到整體調(diào)整的過(guò)程。因此,建筑動(dòng)畫漫游本身就具備整體思維的特性。第二,建筑動(dòng)畫漫游中環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)的辯證思維。辯證思維遵循唯物辯證法的規(guī)律進(jìn)行一系列的思維活動(dòng)。唯物主義告訴我們,社會(huì)存在決定社會(huì)意識(shí)。環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)源自人們對(duì)于居住環(huán)境的審美需求,人們對(duì)于居住環(huán)境的審美對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)師的思維與設(shè)計(jì)方向有著很強(qiáng)的導(dǎo)向作用。在環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)用建筑動(dòng)畫漫游同樣需要遵循此理念,在已有的技術(shù)條件下,設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程更關(guān)注市場(chǎng)的供求關(guān)系與人們審美的演變?,F(xiàn)階段,通過(guò)現(xiàn)代科技藝術(shù)形式,以動(dòng)畫漫游的方式帶領(lǐng)人們進(jìn)行仿真體驗(yàn),其設(shè)計(jì)制作過(guò)程要求設(shè)計(jì)師以開(kāi)放性的眼光進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),用事物之間存在普遍聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)完善素材,參照當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境特色、建筑美學(xué)、園林景觀規(guī)劃等,綜合受眾的通識(shí)審美特征,在變化與對(duì)立中尋求統(tǒng)一,用一種辯證思維的方法理解并指導(dǎo)環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)中的建筑動(dòng)畫漫游制作。優(yōu)秀的現(xiàn)代環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)要求實(shí)事求是,符合當(dāng)今的國(guó)情,并對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)土人情、環(huán)境氣候尤其是受眾的要求有適當(dāng)?shù)捏w現(xiàn),在建筑動(dòng)畫漫游設(shè)計(jì)中同樣如此。動(dòng)畫漫游中的主體設(shè)計(jì)要根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳罘绞?、建造材料與技術(shù)、地方獨(dú)特氣候綜合考量,現(xiàn)代建筑設(shè)計(jì)也是根據(jù)這些影響因素構(gòu)成的。因此,在建筑動(dòng)畫漫游中,用唯物辯證思維進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)制作,就能夠設(shè)計(jì)出符合當(dāng)?shù)孛袼孜幕c大眾審美要求的動(dòng)畫漫游作品。第三,建筑動(dòng)畫漫游中環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的創(chuàng)意思維方法。創(chuàng)意思維可以被理解為設(shè)計(jì)師在針對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中的一種創(chuàng)造性思維活動(dòng)。設(shè)計(jì)師通過(guò)想象、組合與創(chuàng)造對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象的主題、內(nèi)容以及表現(xiàn)形式進(jìn)行觀念性的創(chuàng)新構(gòu)思,創(chuàng)造出一種全新的意念或者系統(tǒng),使創(chuàng)造主體的內(nèi)在屬性上升為大眾能夠接受的具象表現(xiàn)。一般情況下,創(chuàng)意思維包括形象、直覺(jué)、抽象、靈感、收斂、發(fā)散、聯(lián)想、逆向等多種思維方式,有獨(dú)特性與趣味性,是具有創(chuàng)造性的一項(xiàng)行為活動(dòng)。環(huán)境藝術(shù)的動(dòng)畫漫游設(shè)計(jì)更需要較強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)意思維,以提升設(shè)計(jì)作品的藝術(shù)感染力與趣味性。在建筑動(dòng)畫漫游設(shè)計(jì)中,設(shè)計(jì)師還要注重設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象的科學(xué)性與真實(shí)性,通過(guò)多種途徑,依據(jù)自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)與學(xué)識(shí),得到合理、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù),從而設(shè)計(jì)出逼真的場(chǎng)景、道具、主體建筑等。在設(shè)計(jì)中,設(shè)計(jì)師需要運(yùn)用多種創(chuàng)意思維的方法,綜合整體動(dòng)畫漫游的基調(diào),進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)造型,完成既與主題要求相符又形象逼真的動(dòng)畫漫游形象。
結(jié)語(yǔ)
環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的融合,以動(dòng)畫漫游的科技藝術(shù)形式提前展現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)師的思路與創(chuàng)作,讓受眾在仿真體驗(yàn)未來(lái)居住環(huán)境的同時(shí),能夠根據(jù)自身的實(shí)際需求,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行考察,更加全面、直觀地感受未來(lái)的居住環(huán)境,彰顯了環(huán)境藝術(shù)與虛擬技術(shù)不同領(lǐng)域的文化藝術(shù)多元化的交互式發(fā)展。在環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的道路上,跨學(xué)科、跨領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展模式能使設(shè)計(jì)師擁有更廣闊的思考范圍,從而挖掘出新的作品與藝術(shù)形式。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]王暉.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)動(dòng)畫技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用.現(xiàn)代裝飾(理論),2012(7).
[2]田世彬,韋凱.談虛擬古跡漫游動(dòng)畫的場(chǎng)景設(shè)計(jì)思維方法.藝術(shù)教育,2009(1).
[3]潘祖堯.古為今用——現(xiàn)代化傳統(tǒng)建筑設(shè)計(jì)探索.現(xiàn)代城市研究,2002(2).
[4]楊洋.虛擬漫游在小區(qū)景觀設(shè)計(jì)中的運(yùn)用.延邊大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文,2013.
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