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        公務員期刊網 精選范文 初二下冊英語范文

        初二下冊英語精選(九篇)

        前言:一篇好文章的誕生,需要你不斷地搜集資料、整理思路,本站小編為你收集了豐富的初二下冊英語主題范文,僅供參考,歡迎閱讀并收藏。

        初二下冊英語

        第1篇:初二下冊英語范文

        四、單項選擇(共15分,每小題1分)

        ( ) 21. These books were really good, so she couldn’t .

        A. put down it B. put it down C. put down them D. put them down

        ( ) 22. —Do you think if Tom the work well?

        —I think he will if he his best.

        A. does, will try B. will do, tries C. does, tries D. will do, will try

        ( ) 23. —I have never been to African countries. What about you?

        — ________.

        A. Neither have I B. So do I C. Neither do I D. So have I

        ( ) 24. Don’t worry! I’ll do what I can you when you are in trouble.

        A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped

        ( ) 25. —I'm going to visit Yellow Mountain with my family this weekend.

        — ________.

        A. Good luck B. Congratulations C. Have a great time D. That sounds good

        ( ) 26. — ________ have you learned to play the piano?

        — ________ five years ago.

        A. How long, For B. How often, For

        C. How long, Since D. How soon, Since

        ( ) 27. —Are you worried about the coming exam?

        —No, I think the more ________ you study, ________ mistakes you’ll make.

        A. careful, the less B. careful, the fewer

        C. carefully, the less D. carefully, the fewer

        ( ) 28. —Do you know __ ___?

        — Sorry, I don’t. But I saw her just now. xKb 1.C om

        A. where has she gone B. where she has gone

        C. where she has been D. where will she go

        ( ) 29. I have __ ___ decided when to leave, but my sister hasn’t decided

        __ ___.

        A. yet, yet B. already, already C. already, yet D. yet, already

        ( ) 30. —I called you last night, but no one answered me.

        —Oh, I________ a shower.

        A. have taken B. was taking C. took D. will take

        ( ) 31. The policeman asked the child ________ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.

        A. not, when B. not to, unti C. didn't, before D. not to, after

        ( ) 32. —I ________ a new house recently.

        —Great. When ________ you ________ it?

        A. have bought, did, buy B. have bought, have, bought

        C. bought, did, buy D. bought, have, bought

        ( ) 33. Two thirds of the population of the village ________ farmers. The number of them ________ about 2,000.

        A. is, is B. is, are C. are, are D. are, is

        ( ) 34. —I’m leaving for the exam. Bye, Mum.

        —Well, make sure you’ve got ________ ready.

        A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

        ( ) 35. — ________ is your school?

        —I can’t remember it well. I________ for ten years.

        A. How big, have left B. What big, have been away

        C. How big, have been away D. What big, have left五、完形填空(共15分,每小題1.5分)

        Do you write your own blog(博客)? Do you often 36 other’s blogs on the Internet?

        All over the world, not only famous persons but also many students use blogs as diaries and places to share their experiences and 37 advice or help.

        “ I write my activities every day, 38 funny things and worries in my life.” says Lili, a high school student in Washington. “ I like putting pictures on my blog because it can make my blog more 39 and more people will like it. It’s a good way 40 my life to the world.” She has had her blog for eight months.

        Students like writing blogs 41 they can write anything they want to, but don’t need to 42 any money.

        When you start to write your blog, you will find 43 necessary to open up your eyes to a new world. But what you write down may trouble you 44 . So use the blog carefully 45 you can keep yourself away from some trouble. The blog makes everyone’s life colorful.

        ( ) 36. A. read B. write C. forget D. miss

        ( ) 37. A. learn from B. hear of C. ask for D. depend on

        ( ) 38. A. without B. including C. between D.include ( ) 39. A. common B. modern C. famous D.interesting ( ) 40. A. to show B. showing C. show D.showed ( ) 41. A. unless B. while C. until D. because

        ( ) 42. A. save B. spend C. take D. waste

        ( ) 43. A. that B. it C. one D. those

        ( ) 44. A. sometimes B. always C. ever D.never

        ( ) 45. A. only when B. even though C. so that D. ever since

        六、閱讀理解(共30分,每小題2分)

        A

        Dear Sir,

        I am writing to you about my stay at your hotel. My wife and I arrived on Saturday, May 15th and stayed for a week. Though we were treated well and found the service excellent, we think there are one or two things we should bring your attention.

        1. We hoped for a nice holiday from our busy work lives, and your ad said “comfortable and quiet”. We want to have a chance to enjoy ourselves. However, we were always waken up by the noise every morning. Is it really necessary for the workers to start their repair work so early?

        2. We hoped to swim in your “wonderful pool”. To our disappointment(失望), we found that it was closed for the whole time of our stay.

        I hope you do not mind my writing to you about these things, but I would be happy if you could give me some explanation(說明). As I said at the start, it is a pity, and your service is so good in other places.

        I hope to hear from you soon.

        Yours sincerely

        Tom Green

        ( ) 46. Who is Mr Tom Green probably writing this letter to?

        A. His friend. B. The owner of a hotel. C. A reader. D. His father.

        ( ) 47. When did they get to the hotel?

        A. On May 15th. B. A week ago. C. Last year. D. On a cold morning.

        ( ) 48. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph (段落)?

        A. The hotel was very comfortable and quiet.

        B. The workers in the hotel were very hard-working.

        C. He thought the hotel didn’t provide them with a quiet place.

        D. The service in the hotel was very excellent.

        ( ) 49. What did Mr Green think about the swimming pool?

        A. He felt disappointed because the swimming pool was closed for the whole time of their stay.

        B. He felt disappointed because the swimming poop was too small.

        C. He felt excited about it because he had a good time there.

        D. He found it really wonderful, just like the words in the ad.

        ( ) 50. What kind of letter is it?

        A. An invitation letter. B. A thank-you letter.

        C. A sorry letter. D. A complaint letter.

        B

        Mobile phones(手機) have become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have stopped students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. The mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them.

        Mary, a teacher, said the mobile phone use is a distraction to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers also said that sometimes students might use phone messages to copy during exams. She said some schools tried to stop mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children.

        Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at the school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school, they were easy to lose and were a distraction for studies.

        Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.

        ( ) 51. Some middle schools in Australia have stopped students from carrying mobile phones .

        A. because they are students B. when they are free

        C. when they are at school D. because they are children

        ( ) 52. We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from .

        A. the makers and sellers B. the teachers

        C. their parents and friends D.some mobile phone users

        ( ) 53. What does the underlined word mean in the passage?

        A. 鼓舞 B. 分心 C. 獎勵 D. 核對

        ( ) 54. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t _ __ during school hours.

        A. use their mobile phones B. leave their mobile phones at the school office

        C. help the teachers with their work D. get in touch with their children

        ( ) 55. The passage mainly tells us that _ __.

        A. students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except(除…外) some special reasons

        B. it is impossible to stop students from using mobile phones at school

        C. some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school

        D. parents should teach children how to use mobile phones during school hours

        C

        Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.

        Polluted air from cars, planes and factories is so thick that it is like a quilt(被子) over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog(煙霧). Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away. And they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.

        Rules are not enough, every person must help to fight pollution.

        ( ) 56. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because ___ __.

        A. there were fewer modern machines at that time than today

        B. people didn’t like to use modern medicines

        C. there were no modern machines at all

        D. there was no pollution at all

        ( ) 57. What is the biggest problem in today’s life?

        A. Dirty water. B. Pollution. C. Noise. D. Too crowded

        ( ) 58. The most serious kind of pollution is ___ ___.

        A. noise pollution B. air pollution C. water pollution D. waste paper

        ( ) 59. Factories must clean their water ___ ___.

        A. before they use it B. when they use it

        C. before it is thrown away D. whenever they use it

        ( ) 60. From the passage we know that _ ___.

        A. a few years ago, there was no smog at all

        B. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice

        C. people are making rules in order to fight pollution

        D. people can only use rules to fight pollution

        七、單詞拼寫(共5分,每小題1分)

        61. People lived in bad c ____ __ (條件) in the past.

        62. Our English teacher often e____ __ (鼓勵) us to study English hard.

        63. With the d__ ____ (發展) of the modern city, we need more living abilities.

        64. We should be honest students instead of c__ ____ (欺騙) our teachers.

        65. The countryside is a p__ __ __(完美的) place to take a holiday.

        八、補全對話(共5分,每小題1分)

        請從A-G中選出五個句子完成對話,其中有兩項多余。

        A: Hello, Helen. The happy summer vacation is coming. 66

        B: Yes. I’m not busy at all. I’ve just finished my homework.

        A、What’s your name?

        B、What color do you want

        C、Here you are

        D、Can I help you

        E、What size do you like

        F、How about this T-shirt

        G、I’ll take it

        A: 67

        B: I have no ideas. What about you?

        A: Let me see. We’d better do something interesting and helpful. 68

        B: Certainly. Where?

        A: In the new museum.

        B: Oh, I remember. I heard of it last week. 69 IIwesfsufslfjklvmdklvdklv

        A: By bike. It’s Saturday tomorrow. The traffic must be heavy, I think.學I]

        B: I agree. 70

        A: At the gate of our school at nine in the morning.

        B: OK. See you then.

        九、書面表達(10分)

        假如你是Sally,是個中學生,經常收聽音樂節目(program),請你用英語給節目主持人寫一封信,信的要點如下:

        1、你聽這個節目已經3年了,很喜歡這個節目, 特別(especially)是英文歌曲節目,到目前為止已學了10首英文歌曲;

        2、當你學習繁忙或疲勞時,你常會打開收音機(recorder)去收聽這個節目;

        3、自己也已經寫了1首英文歌曲,并寄到了這個節目;

        4、你最喜歡Yesterday Once More這首歌,希望能得到歌詞(lyrics);

        5、你在英語學習上已經取得了巨大進步,感謝這個節目。

        要求:語意連貫,語法正確,注意時態,80詞左右。

        Dear sir, Yours,

        Sally

        參考答案

        IV 單項選擇(共15分,每小題1分)

        21~25 D B A A C 26~30 C D B C B 31~35 B A D C C

        V 完形填空(共15分,每小題1.5分)

        36~40 A C B D A 41~45 D B B A C

        VI 閱讀理解(共30分,每小題2分)

        46~50 B A C A D 51~55 C C B D A 56~60 A B B C C

        VII單詞拼寫(共5分,每小題1分)

        61、conditions 62、encourages 63、development

        64、cheating 65、perfect

        VIII 補全對話(共5分,每小題1分)

        66~70 F E A D C

        IX 書面表達(共10分)

        參考范文:

        Dir sir,

        I’m Sally. Now I’m studying in a high school. I often turn on the radio to listen to your program when I am free or feel tired. I like your program so much, especially the English songs. I’ve listened to the program for about 3 years. So far I have learned 10 English songs through the program.

        I like the song named Yesterday Once More best and I expect to get the lyrics of the song. I hope you can achieve my dream. I’ve already written an English song and sent it to your program. Thanks to your program, I have also made great progress in my English study. Wish your program more excellent.

        第2篇:初二下冊英語范文

        一.聽句子,選擇正確圖片。每個句子讀一遍。(5分)

        ( )1.

        ( )2.

        二. 聽句子,選擇正確答語。每個句子讀一遍。(5分)

        ( )6. A. I’d like to book four tickets, please.

        B. Sure, what size do you want?

        C. How about this one?

        ( )7. A. I want to travel by bicycle.

        B. I am worried about the cost of our field trip.

        C. I’d like to watch Beijing Opera one day.

        ( )8. A. Don’t worry. B. That’s OK. C. No, thanks.

        ( )9. A. That’s OK. B. I’d love to. C. That’s a good idea.

        ( )10. A. Yes, I would. B. Yes, I’d love to. C. It’s an interesting place to go.

        三. 聽對話,選擇正確答案。每段對話讀兩遍。(5分)

        ( )11. How much does a room with a single bed cost?

        A.¥220. B.¥260. C.¥300.

        ( )12. Where will they go for their spring field trip?

        A. The Great Wall.

        B. The Children’s Palace.

        C. The Summer Palace.

        ( )13. What will Kate do with her money?

        A. She will go on a trip.

        B. She will buy some books.

        C. She will buy a new T-shirt.

        ( )14. How is Li Ming going home today?

        A. On foot. B. By bicycle. C. By bus.

        ( )15. What’s the task of Betty’s group?

        A. To find out the cost by train.

        B. To find out the cost by bus.

        C. To find out the cost by ship.

        四. 聽短文,完成表格。短文讀兩遍。(5分)

        SCHOOL TRIP

        Day: Saturday

        Visit the film museum: There are many interesting things about the 16.________ and famous stars.

        Leaving Time: 17. _____________

        Meet: in the 18._____________

        Cost: 19. ___________ dollars each

        Things: Bring a pencil and a 20.________________

        筆試部分(100分)

        一, 單項選擇。(20分)

        ( )1. ---- Shall we go hiking this weekend?

        ---- Sounds ____.

        A. good B. well C. good idea D. bad

        ( )2. Mr.Green ____ go to bed _____ he finished his work last night

        A. does; until B. don’t; until C. didn’t; until D. isn’t; until

        ( )3. His mother gets up at 6:00 a. m. every day. She is used to ____ early to make breakfast for the family.

        A. get up B. getting up C. gets up D. got up

        ( )4. The boss makes the workers ________ fourteen hours a day.

        A. to work B. worked C. working D. work

        ( )5. Li Lei’s legs were ____ in the traffic accident yesterday.

        A. badly hurt B. bad hurt C. hurts D. hurt bad

        ( )6. This film is as ___________ as that one.

        A. interested B. more interesting C. interesting D. more interested

        ( )7. There are many shops on ___________ sides of the street.

        A. both B. every C. each D. each of

        ( )8. Japan is __________ the east of China.

        A. in B. to C. at D. on

        ( )9. We’re looking forward to ________ the famous science museum tomorrow.

        A. build B. visit C. building D. visiting

        ( )10. We all _________ thanks to our dear teacher on Teachers’ Day.

        A. tell B. say C. talk D. speak

        ( )11. The policeman warned the driver _______ too fast. It was very dangerous.

        A. to drive B. not to drive C. driving D. not driving

        ( )12. Let’s ___________ the cost of going to Beijing by air on the computer.

        A. look for B. find out C. try out D. put up

        ( )13. ----Dick gave me a note while I _______ in the library.

        ---- I guess he wanted to say sorry to you.

        A. am reading B. was reading C. reads D. will read

        ( )14.----What would you like to do this Sunday?

        ----If it doesn’t rain, I ________ to Mount Qingyun for a spring field trip.

        A. will go B. goes C. went D. go

        ( )15.----What about going shopping together?

        ---- Sorry, I have a lot of homework ________.

        A. do B. to do C. doing D. did

        ( )16.----I’ll go on a visit to Mount Huang.

        -----_____________________

        A. Thank you. B. Have a good trip!

        C. Never mind. D. My pleasure.

        ( )17.It ______ me two hours to finish the homework last night.

        A. costs B. paid C. took D. spent

        ( )18.---- Mary can’t help ____ the house. Why?

        ---- Because she is busy ____ a hotel reservation.

        A. to clean; making B. cleaning; making

        C. cleaning; to make D. to clean; to make

        ( )19.Beijing is famous ____ its places of interest, such as the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and the Great Wall.

        A. for B. as C. to D. in

        ( )20. At last, the truck avoided ________ the tree.

        A. hit B. to hit C. hitting D. hiting

        二, 完形填空。(共10分)

        ( ) 21. A. tall B. fat C. happily D. fit

        ( ) 22. A. to get B. get C. got D. getting

        ( ) 23. A. quick B. dear C. little D. long

        ( ) 24. A. so B. because C. but D. although

        ( ) 25. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

        ( ) 26. A. shortest B. most C. best D. least

        ( ) 27. A. price B. place C. time D. way

        ( ) 28. A. should B. can C. will D. must

        ( ) 29. A. think B. hear C. believe D. see

        ( )30. A. think about B. to give up C. put up D. calm down

        三,閱讀理解。(共30分)

        (A)

        Accident Report Form

        Accident A car hit a tree.

        Four people were in the car.

        Weather condition There was a heavy rain.

        Cause The driver named Li Jun drank too much.

        Date of call March 20th, 2008

        Time of call 8:30 p.m.

        Name of caller A man called Zhang Wei. (He was taking a walk there at that time.)

        Place Zhongshan Road, Nanjing

        Conditions of

        Victims (受害者) Mr. Green hurt his head.

        Mrs. Green hurt her left leg.

        Their daughter felt frightened.

        Their dog died.

        Action Policemen arrived at 8:40 p.m. and sent the victims to Gulou Hospital at 8:45 p.m.

        ( )31. What time did Zhang Wei call the police?

        A. At 8:30 a. m. B. At 8:30 p. m.

        C. At 8:40 p. m. D. At 8:45 p. m.

        ( )32. How many people were there in the cars?

        A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

        ( )33. Whose left leg was hurt?

        A. Mrs. Green’s. B. Their daughter’s.

        C. Mr. Green’s. D. Their dog’s.

        ( )34. What was the weather like that day?

        A. It was sunny. B. It was snowy.

        C. It was cloudy. D. It was rainy.

        ( )35. Which of the following is TRUE?

        A. The car hit a wall.

        B. The accident happened on Zhongshan Road in Beijing.

        C. The driver drank too much.

        D. The policemen arrived half an hour later and sent the victims

        to the hospital.

        (B)

        The Arts Cinema is open 7 days a week, showing lots of American and foreign films. Next week it will show an Australian film called Midnight Meeting. It is set in (以….為背景) Sydney in the 1960s. You can see that film from Monday to Thursday. It will be on twice a day at 6:30 and 9:10 in the evenings. The film lasts two hours and fifteen minutes. Tickets are$4, but there is a special student at$2.60 for all the films. Please bring your student card if you want the cheaper ticket.

        The nearest parking lot to the cinema is in Hamlet Street. It’s just five minutes’ walk from the cinema. If you need further information, phone 8813962 during office hours from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday to Friday.?

        ( ) 36. From the passage we know that Midnight Meeting is a(n)_________film.

        A. Chinese B. Japanese C. Australian D. American

        ( ) 37. When can people see that film?

        A. From Monday to Thursday.? B. From Monday to Friday.

        C. Six days a week. D. Seven days a week.

        ( ) 38. The film lasts ______.

        A. from 6:30 p.m. to 9:10 p.m. B. from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.

        C. twice a day in the evenings D. two hours and fifteen minutes

        ( ) 39. How much do a student and his father pay for the film?

        A.$2. B.$2.60. C.$4. D.$6.60.

        ( ) 40. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

        A. Midnight Meeting is about Sydney in 1960.?

        B. Students can get a ticket with half of the price.?

        C. For more information, please phone 8813962.

        D. The nearest parking lot is about 10 minutes’ walk.

        (C)

        Modern life is impossible without traveling. The fastest way of traveling is by plane. With a modern airliner (客機), you can travel in one day to places which needed a month or more to get to hundreds of years ago.

        Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but you can see the places you are traveling through. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining-cars. They even make the longest journey enjoyable (令人愉快的).

        Some people prefer to travel by sea. You can visit many other countries or different parts of your country. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, but traveling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.

        Many people like to travel by car. You can make your own timetable. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty or one hundred miles a day, just as you like. You can stop if there is something interesting, for example, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night. That’s why traveling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually take a train or a plane when they travel on business.

        ( ) 41. From the passage, we know the fastest way of traveling is ____.

        A. by train B. by sea C. by plane D. by car

        ( ) 42. If we travel by car, we can ____.

        A. make the longest journey enjoyable

        B. travel to a very far place in a few minutes

        C. make our own timetable

        D. visit many other countries

        ( ) 43. The underlined word “They” in the passage refers to (指的是) ____.

        A. modern trains in the country

        B. the comfortable seats and dining-cars

        C. the travelers on the modern trains

        D. the slower ways of traveling

        ( ) 44. When people travel on business, they usually take ____.

        A. a plane or a car B. a car or a boat

        C. a boat or a train D. a train or a plane

        ( ) 45. How many ways of traveling are mentioned in the passage?

        A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. Six.

        四, 根據中文或首字母提示填寫單詞,注意用單詞的適當形式。(共5分)

        46. The headmaster called on the students to ______ (籌集) money for the poor boy.

        47. We are _________ (自豪的)of our great country .

        48. I __________ (支付) 25 yuan for the beef yesterday.

        49. Mary won the game. She was ________ (成功的).

        50. Jane didn’t go to bed__________(直到) she finshed her homework.

        五, 根據漢語意思,完成句子。(共15分)

        51.高老師經常想出一些好主意來教我們英語。

        Miss Gao often _______ ________ ________ some wonderful ideas to teach us.

        52.Lucy上星期天收到她筆友的來信。

        Lucy ________ ________ her pen pal last Sunday.

        53.他昨天因為違反交通規則被罰款了

        He ______ ________ ________ yesterday because he broke the traffic rules.

        54. 他一看到我就告訴我這個好消息。

        He told me the good news ___________ __________ _________he saw me.

        55.與同學們相處得好,所以我很開心。

        I am happy because I _________ __________ well with my classmates.

        56.火車又一次晚點了。

        The train was late _________ _________.

        六, 書面表達。(共20分)

        (A) 閱讀下面George 給市長的信,根據所提供的信息,完成信息卡.(5分)

        Dear Mayor,

        I am sick and tired of the traffic in the city! It is so bad that I can never get anywhere in time. There are too many cars on the road, and most have only one person in them.

        Another problem is the buses. They are so old and slow that nobody wants to take them. They are noisy and very dirty. You can’t even see out the windows!

        Also, the taxi drivers are not polite. They never know where they are going, and they take a long time to get somewhere. Taxis are expensive, too. And the subway is just too crowed and dangerous. What are we going to do?

        Yours sincerely, George Grade

        Information Card

        What is George sick and tired of? 57.________________________________.

        Why can’t people see out the windows? The buses are 58._____________________.

        Why does nobody want to take buses? Because the buses are 59._______________.

        How are the taxi drivers? The taxi drivers are 60._________________.

        How is the subway? The subway is too 61.__________________.

        (B) 作文。(15分)

        第3篇:初二下冊英語范文

        [關鍵詞] ERP;應收賬款結算;管理控制策略

        doi : 10 . 3969 / j . issn . 1673 - 0194 . 2012 . 10. 001

        [中圖分類號] F233 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673 - 0194(2012)10- 0002- 03

        1 應收賬款核銷業務類型與業務處理特點

        應收賬款結算主要處理的業務是應收賬款核銷,俗話講就是“勾銷”,是ERP系統中銷售與收款管理的主要環節,準確無誤的應收賬款核銷處理是生成賬齡分析表、到期債權列表、應收利息表等管理表的基礎。

        應收系統核銷類型主要包括:到款結算、預收款沖應收款、應收款轉銷、預收款轉銷、應收款沖應付款、預收款沖預付款。下面將以A公司為例,列舉各種應收賬款結算的業務處理過程和數據。為簡化起見,假定各個往來單位之間的應收、應付、預收、預付等款項的金額是相等的。

        (1)到款結算是最基本的核銷類型,用于收到款項后勾銷應收業務。比如,A公司賬面上掛賬B公司應收款與A公司收到的B公司銀行承兌匯票。

        (2)預收款沖應收款是將預收業務與應收業務進行勾銷。由于收款中,存在預收賬款,無法預先知道該筆款項所屬的銷售業務,而且收款出納在根據發票收款時也可能沒有記錄銷售發票號的現象,因此需進行核銷處理準確建立和核算收款與應收款的對應關系。比如,A公司賬面上同時掛賬B公司的預收款和應收款。

        (3)應收賬款轉銷涉及三角債權債務關系,用于不同往來單位之間的應收款轉移。比如,A公司賬面上掛賬B公司應收款,同時B公司賬面上掛賬C公司應收款,通過將A公司掛賬的B公司應收款轉銷給C公司,以結清A、B公司的應收款和B、C公司的應收款。

        (4)預收賬款轉銷亦涉及三角債權債務關系,用于不同往來單位之間的預收款轉移。比如,A公司賬面上掛賬B公司預收款,同時B公司賬面上掛賬C公司預收款,通過將A公司掛賬的B公司預收款轉銷給C公司,以結清A、B公司的預收款和B、C公司的預收款。

        (5)應收款沖應付款可以是相同的往來單位之間的沖銷,也可以是不同的往來單位之間的轉銷。相同的往來單位之間的沖銷比較簡單,而不同的往來單位之間的轉銷則涉及三角債權債務關系。比如,A公司賬面上掛賬B公司應收款和C公司應付款,如果B公司同時掛賬C公司應收款和C公司同時掛賬B公司應付款,通過將A公司掛賬的B公司應收款與A公司掛賬的C公司應付款勾銷,以結清A、B公司的應收款和A、C公司的應付款,而建立C公司應收B公司的款項;由于已有的B公司掛賬C公司應收款,最終結清A、B、C三公司之間的債權債務關系。

        (6)預收款沖預付款可以是相同的往來單位之間的沖銷,也可以是不同的往來單位之間的轉銷。相同的往來單位之間的沖銷比較簡單,而不同的往來單位之間的轉銷則涉及三角債權債務關系。比如,A公司賬面上掛賬B公司預收款和C公司預付款,如果B公司同時掛賬C公司預收款和C公司同時掛賬B公司預付款,通過將A公司掛賬的B公司預收款與A公司掛賬的C公司預付款勾銷,以結清A、B公司的預收款和A、C公司的預付款,而建立C公司預收B公司的款項;由于已有的B公司掛賬C公司預收款,最終結清A、B、C三公司之間的債權債務關系。

        在上述6種核銷業務類型中,第一種業務處理和數據流向單一,比較容易把握;第二種業務處理和數據流向雖然是雙向的,但由于是相同兩個往來單位之間的雙重、反向業務處理和數據流向,把握起來也不難;第三、四種都涉及到不同業務單位之間的三角債務關系,具有共同點;第五、六種可能是相同兩個往來單位之間、也可能是3個不同業務單位之間的三角債權債務關系,具有共同點。

        2 應收賬款核銷業務流程

        應收賬款結算銜接銷售活動與收款活動,通過將相互對應的各種單據進行勾對,以使應收系統掛賬業務得以動態實時處理和更新。與應收賬款核銷相關的業務流程如圖1所示。

        收款單文件要么登記預收款信息,要么根據已經發生銷售活動的收款。往來核銷的目的是實現由收款信息追溯對應賒銷發票的作用。通過核銷,確定收到的款項究竟是支付哪次購買行為而拖欠的款項,或者是結清什么債權債務關系。應收賬款核銷業務如圖2所示。

        從ERP系統業務與財務融合與一體化的觀點來看,應收賬款核銷業務與銷售系統、資金管理系統、賬務系統相關聯,存在著數據接口和數據交換。核銷之前必須保證銷售業務確已發生、數據已經傳入賬務系統,且確實已經收款。明確的崗位職責和工作流程確保了通過前項事件的信息控制后續活動,并通過記錄和控制數據流確保了審計中業務追溯活動的可執行性。

        3 應收賬款核銷業務的表單處理

        應收賬款業務的主要單據有各種銷售發票(普通發票和增值稅發票)、其他應收單、收款單、退款單和應收票據。如圖1所示,核銷應收賬款前,檢查對客戶開發票環節非常重要。應收賬款會計員開銷售發票向客戶收賬前是否檢查了訂貨員輸入的銷售價格和裝運員輸入的裝運費用。創建發票記錄后自動生成銷售日記賬項。銷售日記賬提供了審計軌跡,檢查時可以用日記賬來認定裝運和銷售訂單記錄。檢查后的銷售日記賬可以過賬銷售發票記錄。

        應收賬款會計員在現金收款日記賬中記錄收款,并將現金收入日記賬的總金額和匯款單上的金額進行比較,如果相符,則過賬該筆分錄,更新總賬。核銷時應從收款單文件中的關鍵字“收款單號”,查核其對應的發票記錄,如果對應關系確認,則可以進行核銷。

        為突出特點和難點,這里主要說明應收賬款轉銷、應收沖應付等涉及到三角債權債務關系的核銷業務。

        由前所述,應收賬款轉銷業務是為了結清三角債權債務關系。單據和業務處理的關系如圖3所示。已有的A公司應收B公司款項信息體現在A公司的銷售發票(包括普通發票和增值稅發票)中,已有的B公司應收C公司款項信息體現在B公司的銷售發票中,以A公司為會計主體,將已有的A公司應收B公司款項轉銷給C公司,則生成收款單,表明B公司已經付款,并同時生成其他應收單,表明A公司應收B公司款項的記錄生成。

        應收沖應付業務也是為了結清三角債權債務關系。業務處理關系如圖4所示。

        已有的A公司應收B公司款項信息體現在A公司的銷售發票(包括普通發票和增值稅發票)中,已有的A公司應付C公司款項信息體現在A公司的應付單中,還有一個前提是C公司應付B公司款項,如果將A、B公司間的應收沖A、C公司間的應付后建立的C公司應收B公司款項恰與C公司應付B公司款項結清,則最終結果是結清A、B、C三個公司之間的債權債務關系。

        4 應收賬款核銷業務處理一體化流程的管理控制策略

        應收賬款核銷業務需關注的風險點和控制點包括收款業務執行、收款記錄以及應收賬款、現金和銷售的賬目信息記錄。為了降低應收賬款核銷的風險,應采取工作流程控制活動,即控制從一個事件到另一個事件的過程。工作流程控制利用事項之間的聯系,重點在于各事件的責任、事件的先后次序以及業務活動中的信息的流程。應收賬款核銷業務的工作流程控制活動可以進一步細化為相應的管理控制策略:即崗位職責分工、表單控制、審核控制、報告控制等。

        4.1 崗位職責分工

        應收賬款核銷涉及到的應收會計員、收發員、出納和控制員這4個崗位的職責要分離,以保證業務數據錄入和審核環節的分離。在應收賬款核銷業務中,前提之一是銷售發票的錄入和審核是由職責分離的崗位來完成,前提之二是收款員收到客戶付款后,一方面交由出納處理銀行業務,另一方面生成收款單交由應收會計記錄收款。

        4.2 表單控制

        在應收賬款核銷業務中,表單承載的信息不僅起到了傳遞信息的作用,還起到了控制的作用。核銷時可以在收款單上完成,但是前提是收款單必須通過關聯發票或應收單的關鍵信息。如果要進行自動核銷,則需設定根據時間先后核對單據金額進行核銷。即通過對往來單位所有未核銷的發票、其他應收單與所有未核銷的收款單、退款單核銷。

        4.3 審核控制

        應收賬款核銷類型不同,執行核銷的過程亦不同,核銷后自動生成的單據也不同。適當的審核控制以確保自動生成的表單信息得以確認,并提供了審計軌跡。假使審計人員想要通過各種方式從核銷記錄追溯到原始銷售發票甚至追溯到原始銷售訂單時,審計人員可以從核銷記錄中的收款單號、銷售發票號關鍵字段,檢查對應的收款明細記錄和銷售明細記錄,進而再順藤摸瓜檢查對應的裝運記錄和銷售訂單明細記錄中的銷售訂單信息。

        4.4 報告控制

        報告控制是一種周期性進行的控制策略,在多數情況下是按月進行。為了降低應收賬款核銷業務的風險,一般在每月末出具以下報告:①發送客戶往來對賬單,以反映客戶已支付的發票和尚未支付的發票,進而發現客戶付款記錄和企業收款記錄的差異,并進一步查找原因;②在應收賬款核銷記錄的基礎上,查對應收賬款賬齡報告,以跟蹤長時間未付款的客戶,為應收賬款余額審計提供審計證據。

        主要參考文獻

        [1]張繼德.金融危機環境下企業財務管理對策[J].中國管理信息化,2009(14).

        第4篇:初二下冊英語范文

        一、精彩導入,激發興趣

        精彩的課堂導入能迅速吸引學生的注意力,能在極短的時間內產生師生之間的情感共鳴,在師生心靈深處架起一座彼此交流互動的橋梁。課堂導入直接關系到教學效果的好壞,因此在導入環節的設計中,要充分考慮到學生的年齡特征,盡量符合他們的心理需要,使他們盡快地進入英語學習狀態,激發他們的思維和表達的欲望,掃除英語學習障礙,化解新授內容的難度。課堂導入的設計因人、因時、因地、不同,方法多種多樣,不拘一格,要根據實際情況靈活運用。

        1.背景知識導入法

        對于一些故事、歷史或有文化背景題材的課文教學,教師可以采用有關的材料或背景知識,把學生引入到真實的語境中去。如外研版初二上冊Module 6 Unit 2要求學生能讀懂“愛麗絲漫游奇境”的文章,在教學中可以向學生展示本故事的部分圖片,通過討論圖片導入故事,這樣不僅可以激活學生頭腦中故事的相關情節,還可以熟悉一些詞匯,為閱讀提供詞匯、句法以及背景知識的準備。

        2.情景導入法

        針對初中學生好奇、愛表演的特點,在導入新課過程中,通過扮演角色、實物呈現、多媒體應用等多種教學手段將教材的情景生動地再現出來,使學生在特定的情境中感知、理解新的語言材料的意思,理解具體情景中語言所傳遞的信息。如外研版初二上冊Module 8 Unit 2 The London Eye is on your right的熱身活動可以采取“Sunny says”游戲練習 “Turn left, go along ”等指示語,然后利用地圖、多媒體課件等,設計一個去某地旅游的情景,導入主題。

        3.視聽導入法

        在講解新課知識前把教學中涉及到的內容用圖片、音樂或視頻呈現給學生。師生根據視聽手段創設的情景,通過合理的想象和推理,進行一系列的問答和討論,從而切入新課主題。如學習外研版初二下冊Module 7 Unit 2,首先教師詢問:“May Day is coming , Where do you want to go? ”學生紛紛發言,調動起了開口講英語的欲望。然后通過視頻讓學生身臨其境感受“武陵源”的風光,成功地導入了本課的內容。

        4.游戲競賽導入法

        根據初中生活潑好動、喜愛游戲的特點,課堂采用游戲競賽導入,既能調動課堂的氣氛又能激發學生參與的積極性,達到寓教于樂的目的。如教師可以開展做表情動作猜描述詞的游戲,如sad,nervous,happy,excited,angry,afraid等,讓學生在玩中學,輕松愉快地導入proud,stupid等新詞匯的學習。

        二、學法指導,授之以漁

        “漁”就是指導學生掌握基本的閱讀技能和閱讀方法。教師應避免閱讀指導的隨意性和零散現象,力求按一定的指導體系,系統地對學生的閱讀能力和方法進行點撥。我們可以借助預習學案,教給學生不同體裁的閱讀方法,培養理解能力,從而增強閱讀的效能。

        如外研版初二下冊Reading環節分為Fast-reading, Careful-reading和Read aloud。閱讀時學生根據導學案自主閱讀,由淺入深,從武陵源到夜宿武陵源再到天子山逐步獲取信息;Fast reading環節要求學生Read and match the headings with the paragraphs,培養學生速讀信息的能力,Careful reading環節要求學生完成以下任務:

        1.Read Paragraph 1 and fill in the blanks.(通過本環節的閱讀,了解武陵源的細節信息,培養學生獲取細節信息的能力,同時滲透閱讀策略:Just read the information you need.)

        2.Read Paragraph 2 carefully and check the following statements. (了解野外過夜發生的事情,滲透閱讀策略:You can use the key words to help you.)

        3.Read Paragraph 4-5 carefully and answer the questions.(了解爬“天子山”的事情。)

        朗讀環節要求學生大聲朗讀課文,在小組中討論不明白的問題。教師巡視,及時提供幫助,進一步解決遺留的問題。要求學生進行美文賞讀,找出自己喜歡的句子,有感情的大聲朗讀,為寫作奠定基礎。

        三、課內閱讀,課外拓展

        英語學習能力的發展最終必須超越課堂,超越課本。向學生推薦相關的課外閱讀材料,以開拓他們的視野,提高他們的閱讀能力。課外閱讀是學生自己閱讀,但這不等于教師可以撒手不管,放任自流,在讀物選擇、閱讀方法等方面,教師應給予指導,做到有布置、有指導、有檢查。

        1.精選閱讀材料,培養閱讀興趣

        (1)閱讀材料的推薦原則。一是要讓學生明確課內與課外的關系:課外閱讀是課內學習的延伸,是課內知識的有效補充和促進,二者相輔相成,相得益彰。二是培養興趣。作為教材延伸形式出現的課外閱讀,體裁要多樣化,要講求趣味性和時效性。三是材料的難度要適中,由淺入深,逐步升級;生詞不宜太多,篇幅不可太長。如果生詞太多,看一句要查好幾次詞典,就難以把主要精力用在理解文章的內容上,閱讀的效果就大打折扣了。

        (2)閱讀材料的推薦以短小精悍、幽默有趣為主。如在《英語閱讀與寫作》(初一年級)中有一系列豐富生動、幽默有趣并涉及政治、經濟、天文、航天、地理、文學、歷史、風土人情等方面的閱讀材料,不僅使學生重溫了經典兒童故事,而且享受到了閱讀的快樂。Little Red Coat,The Sleeping Princess,The Frog Prince,Popeye the Sailor,等都受到了初一年級學生的喜愛,很多學生將這些讀過的小故事排練成短劇,利用英語角的時間進行演出,深受師生稱贊。

        2.做好讀后活動,推動課外閱讀

        (1)建立閱讀檔案。筆者設計了一張閱讀反饋表(如下圖),要求學生將平時閱讀過的精品及閱讀情況進行整理和記錄,并放入自己的學習檔案中。教師通過檢查閱讀反饋表進一步指導學生閱讀技巧,幫助學生學會找主題句和關鍵詞,學會歸納文章中心思想,督促學生掌握方法,形成善于歸納積累的好習慣。

        (2)質疑問難。學生在閱讀過程中難免會遇到疑難點,可讓學生隨時進行記錄。在閱讀質疑課上,每個學生都可亮出自己的疑點,和其他同學討論、探究,解決問題。在學生無法解答時,教師參與討論,和學生共同探究,教學相長。

        (3)引導思考。不少文學作品的結尾總是意味深長,留給讀者豐富的想象、思考空間。這樣的作品也是很好的課程資源,教師應及時抓住契機,讓學生插上想象的翅膀,去探索作品留下的悠遠的回味空間,讓學生在創造性想象中提高自己的綜合能力。

        (4)群英爭鋒。閱讀前,學生自由分組,并根據共同喜好和特點為本組命名,如“天使組合”“英豪小隊”“智慧之星”、“快樂精英”,等等。以小組為單位進行分項閱讀,讀后各組集思廣益,出一份題(包括搶答題、必答題、風險題、拔高題),交給老師,由老師擇優錄取,形成競賽題目。接著,每組推出四名代表,其余同學組成“智囊團”,必要時為代表獻計獻策。準備工作做好后,教師做裁判,班長做主持人,舉辦“閱讀知識大賽”,讓各組同學一展風采。通過活動,不但加深了學生對閱讀內容的理解與體驗,而且提高了學生的反應能力,并讓更多的學生參與閱讀學習活動,落實了素質教育要面向全體的要求。

        第5篇:初二下冊英語范文

        關鍵詞:初中英語;詞匯教學;鞏固

        在知識經濟時代,英語作為一門語言有著越來越重要的地位,詞匯是英語學習的基礎和重要組成部分,沒有詞匯,語言也就失去了意義,詞匯量不夠豐富就不能進行有效的語言交際。當前,初中英語新課程標準對學生詞匯量的掌握有了更高的要求,教師必須重視詞匯教學的重要性,采取高效的教學方法,幫助學生掌握詞匯學習的方法,成為每個初中英語教師的一項重要任務。

        一、初中英語詞匯教學存在的現狀

        1.對詞匯教學重視不夠

        很多教師和學生的教學和學習觀念存在問題,只是為了考試而教或學,初中或中考更重視閱讀理解、完形填空等綜合能力的考查,對學習詞匯付出的精力和時間不夠。

        2.教師的詞匯教學方法單一

        一般是“領讀—講解—記憶—聽寫”的過程,學生在學習過程中處于被動狀態,教師往往重結果輕過程,在講解過程中傾向詞匯的字面意義,很少提及詞匯的文化內涵,導致學生對詞匯的本義和具體意義理解不透徹,不能靈活運用詞匯,久而久之學生就會感到厭煩,甚至產生放棄學習英語的情緒。

        二、提高初中英語詞匯教學有效性的策略

        1.導入游戲,提高學生學習詞匯的興趣

        游戲化教學正符合初中生的心理和生理特點,能有效營造課堂氣氛,提高學生的學習興趣。如,在講Color一單元時,教師可以將一些帶有顏色的卡片發給學生,讓學生分組進行,當教師說purple時,拿有紫色卡片的學生出列,沒有卡片的學生讀出purple,并拼出其寫法。blue,red,green,yellow,pink,black等,依次進行訓練,回答錯誤的學生出局。將游戲引入詞匯教學,可以使全體學生參與進來,使學生成為學習的主體,在很大程度上促進了學生學習的積極性,有效地活躍課堂氣氛,師生關系也變得融洽,從而能有效提高學生的學習質量。

        2.巧用構詞法,教會學生記單詞的規律

        構詞法對教材中的一些相關板塊有重要作用,牛津版初中英語初二下冊Unit 2添加ful或less把名詞轉化為形容詞,如harm-harmless-harmful;Unit 5在動詞或形容ment,ness,io變為名詞,如agree-agreement,invent-invention,ill-illness;Unit 6中有合成詞的構成,如class+room構成classroom,fund+raising構成fund-raising等。另外,構詞法還有派生法、轉換法和合成法等,如表示方位的名詞加上后綴ern就變為形容詞,north+ern變為northern,south+ern變為southern,動詞加上er變為名詞,program+er=programmer,design+er=designer,形容詞加上詞綴ly就變為副詞,如recent+ly=recently,這些是派生構詞法。轉換法主要是針對同一詞的不同詞性來說的,如tie作為名詞就是領帶的意思,動詞就是捆綁的意思,open作為動詞是打開的意思,其形容詞解釋為開闊的;合成法是用兩個單詞合為一個新單詞的方法,如post+man=postman。教師要教會學生靈活運用構詞法,學會單詞的詞形變換,找出單詞之間的聯系,能夠舉一反三,形成系統的詞匯結構。

        3.加強復習鞏固

        學習詞匯,教師只是起到引導的作用,關鍵還是要看學生自身的努力情況,中學生學得快、忘得也快,對于大量的詞匯如果不及時復習鞏固,學生會很容易就忘掉,不能達到真正掌握的效果。教師要指導學生課下自行復習。比如,讓學生舉辦英語角、制作英語小報、學唱英文歌等充滿樂趣的方式來復習所學單詞。另外,學習單詞,記憶是非常關鍵的,教師可以教學生一些記憶的方法,如卡片記憶、構詞記憶、圖表記憶、分類記憶、理解記憶、同義或反義記憶等,通過各種方法能有效地幫助學生提高學習單詞的效率。

        第6篇:初二下冊英語范文

        關鍵詞:信息技術 英語教學 整合 應用

        義務教育《英語課程標準》中指出:“合理開發和利用課程資源是有效實施英語課程的重要保證。英語課程資源包括英語教材以及有利于發展學生綜合語言應用能力的其他教學材料、支持系統和教學環境等,如音像資料、直觀教具和實物、多媒體軟件、廣播影視節目、網絡資源、報紙雜志以及圖書館、班級、學校教學設施和教學環境創設等等。”反觀我們的課堂教學,學生的學習方式往往是死記硬背,表現出極大的厭煩情緒,教材上的材料以及不能滿足學生的好奇心和求知欲。

        信息技術豐富多彩,教育理論也需要以實踐為依托,需要我們一線教師在每節課的教學中不斷的研究、實踐、反思、創新。下面我就英語教學的課型和師生自身的資源開發談談我在新課標下實現信息技術與英語教學的有機整合的一些想法:

        一、信息技術在聽說課中的應用

        (一)學生的語音語調一直是教師需要關注的問題,在教學中教師可以指導學生運用“點讀筆”糾正自己的發音。利用“點讀筆”的錄音功能,讓學生模擬發音,并把自己的話錄下來,這樣學生可以通過文件播放自己的聲音,了解自己的語調和發音情況。

        (二)外研版教材每個模塊的第一單元都是以對話為主的教學內容,每個對話都有一個與實際相聯系的情境。教師可以指導學生練習動畫配音。在教學配套光盤中都有每個模塊對話的動畫版,其中可以選擇有字幕和無字幕,還可選擇靜音模式。切換到靜音模式,我們就可以指導學生練習配音了。還可以搞個小組評比,來激發學生的配音熱情。

        二、信息技術在閱讀課中的應用

        (一)閱讀課中,與話題相關的生詞有時會成為閱讀的障礙,教師可以利用圖片將生詞與畫面結合,方便學生識記。制作課件將生詞與圖片連線,或說出更多的相關單詞,以便為模塊任務服務。

        (二)在課堂教學中,對于英語教材中的閱讀教學,傳統上通常采用三步式閱讀模式,即Pre- reading(讀前滲透),While- reading(閱讀中理解),以及Post- reading(讀后的反饋思考)。在閱讀方法上采用略讀、細讀以及精讀等方式,這些閱讀方式的訓練,雖可對文章內容進行表層理解和深層挖掘,但是課堂氣氛以及教學手段難免有些沉悶和枯燥,不利于調動學生的積極性,很難把所有學生的注意力集中到課堂閱讀中來。這時,如果充分的利用信息技術中的多媒體教學材料,就會把抽象枯燥的文字生動化,加深學生對于背景知識和相關信息的了解,對于英語閱讀起到一定的輔助作用。

        三、信息技術在寫作課中的應用

        (一)教過初三的老師都清楚學生的書寫至關重要,教師應力爭在書面表達上不讓學生丟失卷面分。書法不好有很大程度上是因為筆順不正確,為此我們可以在互聯網上找到相關Flash,在優美的畫面上顯示要學的字母,并將字母的筆畫、筆順這一教學過程動態完整地展現出來;或分段展示,讓學生先猜一猜即將出現的是什么字母,這樣更能激起學生的興趣,記憶也就更深。

        (二)學生在習作中有時不注意一些語法項目,比如動詞的單三形式或者單詞的單復數等等。這些看似簡單,可是有些基礎差的學生寫寫就忘了。為了改正這個毛病,教師可以利用課余時間給學生播放《著迷英語語法》等相關影音材料里的語法動畫,通過這種豐富多彩的知識表達形式,使學生從而輕松地掌握了更多的語法知識,還可以利用課件開發例如“找別扭”之類游戲,給學生展示有錯誤的書面表達材料,讓學生自己發現問題,看看誰找的多找得準。

        (三)實物展臺是寫作課中用處最大的信息技術設備,教師在課堂上給學生出題目,學生限時完成書面表達,之后把作品展示在實物展臺上,全班共同分析寫作思路和句子的邏輯性,并讓學生給出適當的分數。當學生會評價書面表達的檔次時,相信他也會寫好自己的文章。

        四、信息技術在復習課中的應用

        (一)復習課的基礎知識部分量比較大,如果老師在黑板上板書會浪費很多時間,而且是復習課,知識學生已經會了,再板書會產生無效勞動。教師可以借助教學軟件,引領學生回顧。

        (二)復習課要將知識點和各種語法現象以及話題任務進行系統分析和歸類,如果教師能把知識做成圖表或者思維導圖的形式展示在課件上會讓學生思路非常清晰,起到事半功倍的效果。

        (三)復習課需要大量的閱讀練習材料,教師可以借助網絡下載一些閱讀材料,擴展學生閱讀量,提高學生閱讀、認知、理解能力。教師可登陸類似21世紀報等網站下載有關資料。在網站上刊登的文章會注明適合哪個年級的學生閱讀,教師可以有針對性的進行選擇。每期閱讀文章都能在網站上下載到語音文件,教師還可以根據需要將簡單的閱讀題改編為聽力理解題,提高復習課效率。

        五、信息技術在開發教師資源中的應用

        教師自身可以借助網絡收集和整理相關課題的資料作為教材課題的拓展學習資源,可以通過閱讀討論文本、觀看網絡教學視頻等形式進行學習,擴充自己教學策略,優化課堂教學設計,開拓視野,開闊思路,在教學中不斷創新。

        六、信息技術在開發學生資源中的應用

        (一)促進學生養成良好的預習習慣。如講到初二下冊module9 Heroes這個模塊時,提前讓學生結合書中教材內容搜集有關白求恩的資料,鼓勵學生在課上用自己的語言表述出來,培養學生的分析整理能力,還可以讓學生收集更多的名人和偉人資料,在小組中介紹自己最崇拜的人。信息網絡為學生提供了一個無限的資源庫,讓提前預習有所準備的學生在課堂上有話可說,使學生能更好的參與到課堂活動中。

        (二)提高學生的自主學習能力。教師可指導學生借助網絡報刊、電子圖書等擴展閱讀量,使用詞霸搜索生詞的發音、語義和用法,使網絡成為學生學習的工具,為終身學習打下基礎。

        (三)激發學生學習英語的興趣,在學中玩,玩中學。介紹一些英語方面的小游戲,也有利于學生健康上網。

        參考文獻:

        [1]中華人民共和國教育部.《義務教育英語課程標準》2011年版.北京.北京師范大學出版社. 2012.

        [2]何克抗 .《教育技術水平考試輔導教程》.北京. 高等教育出版社 .2007.

        第7篇:初二下冊英語范文

        關鍵詞:高效;導入;交流;互動;多媒體;拿來主義;反思;總結

        中圖分類號:G632 文獻標識碼:B 文章編號:1002-7661(2016)07-297-01

        一、新課導入巧設計

        “興趣是最好的老師”,在英語課堂教學中,如何尋找學生的興奮點,激發學生的興趣是保證高效課堂順利開展的關鍵。Well begun is half done(好的開端等于成功的一半),在英語課堂教學中,好的導入方法就顯得尤為重要。英語課堂教學也是如此。導入是新課的warm―up(熱身),能否在課堂開始的短短幾分鐘就能吊起學生主動學習的“胃口”,進入“我要學”的良好學習狀態,將直接影響一節課的成敗。因此,我很重視新課的導入,巧設懸念,牢牢抓住學生的注意力,以期收到事半功倍的效果。常見的導入方法有:動畫導入法,動畫導入生動活潑,能迅速集中學生的注意力;歌曲或音樂導入法,歌曲或音樂能減少學生對語言的陌生感,激發學生的學習興趣,比如學習初二下冊Module 4 ,主要講if引導的條件狀語從句,我就引入了If you are happy and you know it, clap your hands。這首輕松愉快的歌曲導入本模塊話題,收到了良好的效果;另外還有實物導入法、游戲導入法、情景導入法、頭腦風暴導入法等等。我們可以根據課堂需要,運用不同的導入法開始授課。

        二、運用“交流一互動”教學模式進行英語課堂教學,提高教學效率

        1、引入小組討論的課堂教學模式,提高課堂效率

        小組討論是“交流一互動”的主體,教師應改變過去領著學生分析課文的傳統模式,通過設計一項任務或問題,讓學生在一種真實、復雜、具有挑戰性的開放的學習環境與問題情境中,成為學習活動的主人。小組一般由4人(優等生1人,中等生2人,差生1人)程度各異的學生組成,通過小組的合作學習,就解決了老師需大量講解也很難讓學生理解掌握的內容,學生通過激烈的思想碰撞,相互建立了自信心和強烈的興趣,討論后讓小組派代表講解討論結果,老師做適當的補充和說明,這樣就抓住了學生的薄弱點、遺漏點,大大的提高了學習效率。在教學中教師不要輕易地給學生標準答案,而是設法引導,讓他們自己做出正確或接近正確的答案。通過學生自行討論,組內同學相互學習,團結協作,達到共同學習共同提高的目的。

        2、評價方式多元化,提高課堂效率

        在組與組之間交流后,教師按一定的評價標準對各個學生進行全面、客觀、準確的評價。而課內練習是學生鞏固知識的必要環節,也是檢測教學效果的有效手段,教師及時運用預先設計好的練習題,從知識的不同層次、不同側面讓學生練習測試。在學生自練的基礎上,讓其互評、互議、互批、互改,對其中出現的代表性問題,教師也不急于講解,而是采取全班講座的形式,通過學生互評、師生互評等手段來解決。對于基礎較差的學生,教師更應從其參與態度是否積極,書寫是否認真等方面給予及時表揚和鼓勵。這樣做能讓小組每位成員參與活動,實現真實互動,而非流于形式。

        “交流一互動”教學采用當堂檢測教學效果的方法,反饋迅速,校正有效,有利于提高英語教學質量。

        三、突出語言重點,彰顯課堂精講

        教師的課堂講述一定要做到精準,集時間優勢,重點突破課堂中要求必須突破的疑點、難點、要點和考點。這無疑有賴于教師本人課前的精心準備,包括對需要評講題目的反復構思和有效篩選。同時,教師在課內能否實現精講要求,在很大程度上將取決于學生的實際接受水平,這就要求課堂要回歸到以生為本。我們的教學活動的設計也要以學生為主體充分發揮學生的主動性和能動性。

        四、讓多媒體融進英語課堂

        使用多媒體技術來輔助英語教學可以為學生創造生動的語言學習環境,提高學生聽、說和讀的能力,使英語課堂變得“活”起來,從而有助于取得最佳的教學效果。在現代的教育中以多媒體為核心的教育技術已經在學校中進行普及和應用,同時也是提高教學質量的重要保證。此外,用多媒體課件上課時,能營造出一種輕松愉悅的氣氛。充分利用網絡資源,調用網絡中的資料庫,充分發揮現代教育技術在教學中的“適度作用”。運用多媒體技術在英語教學中所體現出來的優勢,來提高學生對英語學習的興趣,從而有助于提高課堂效率。

        五、處理好用教材教還是教教材的關系

        教材是我們教學的工具,在平時教學中我們要大膽取舍,整合教材,初中英語教材整合,就是教師根據自己的教學實際,針對學生接受知識的實際能力,把英語每個模塊及各單元的教學環節加以重新整合使用。不管是外研版還是冀教版,只要有相似話題的內容,都可以放到一起。外研版教學內容多,教師可按實際所需刪除一些不必要的活動。只要是符合大綱要求的,不管哪個版本的教材,我們都可以采取“拿來主義”。

        六、及時進行課后反思,加強教學經驗總結

        第8篇:初二下冊英語范文

        【關鍵詞】英語教學活動 有效途徑 課堂設計 創新 策略

        開展英語教學活動必須以學生為中心,以培養學生的語言綜合運用能力為目標,因而教師應精心設計并組織和開展形式多樣的課內外英語教學活動。同時我們還應努力激發學生學習英語的熱情,了解并幫助學生建立良好的學習策略,因而初中英語課堂活動要具有實用性、真實性、創新性和針對性。結合多年的初中英語課堂教學經驗,本人淺談以下幾個方面與大家共享。

        一、創設多元化的心理環境,形成寬松和諧的師生關系,利于以點到面,從面到點,調動全班每一個學生參與活動的欲望和積極性,充分參與活動。

        案例:這是一節句型操練課,教學內容為《英語(新課標)》(Go for it!)七年級上冊Unit3 SectionA的內容。要求學生掌握家庭成員的詞組,并學會介紹家人。本人用了十分鐘的時間導入新課,突出了新課的重點,全班每位同學對新知識有了明確的認識。緊接著設計了十分鐘的鞏固訓練。先由教師將本課重點句型、習語作為操練內容傳遞給第一排第一個學生,該學生即向本行的下一個學生傳遞,消息很快傳向四面八方,從前排依次向后,從左行依次向右,再由中間向四周發散,最后一排或一行的學生反饋他所收到的信息。聲浪此起彼伏,緊湊有序;學生個個躍躍欲試,情緒激昂,儼然是一場小型音樂會。教師就好像是樂隊指揮,學生全身心投入,沉浸在優美的樂曲和互動交流之中。

        分析:英語學習離不開詞匯、習語和主要句型的記憶。常用的背誦方法顯得單調、呆板、沒有活力,容易使學生厭倦,效果并不是很理想。因此,采用以“接力”操練,學生興趣倍增,人人參與,大大提高了學生的認知效率,提高了興趣,活躍了課堂氣氛。尤其對于內初班民族班的學生,由于他們長期不出校園,生活相對單調,隨機舉辦此類“小型音樂會”,他們會收到以外的驚喜。激動之余,還掌握了知識,放松了身心。

        二、對學科基礎薄弱的班級,同時又面臨中考,短時間內能迎頭趕上嗎? 本人承擔六十六中學區內初中班民族班英語教學任務,現所帶的兩個班是中途接任的班級。初一、初二的基礎不是很牢固,擺在我面前的是一個艱巨而有具有挑戰性的任務,如何應對?通過幾年的嘗試,我產生了一些體會與想法,現淺談如下:

        1.配合班主任做學生的思想工作,提高班級的班風和學風,從而奠定英語學科的地位和知名度,重視英語學科,更重要的是滲透學習英語需要持久性和堅忍不拔的毅力,幫助培養他們的意志品質。如:剛接任2009屆初三(1)班的時候,該班是一個亂班,班級紀律松散,自信心嚴重缺乏,英語興趣幾乎為零。在班主任魏繼承老師的帶領下,我們任課老師齊抓共管,相互配合,從不同的角度關愛學生,幫助學生,嚴格要求學生。本人利用課余時間和學生談理想,講道理,幫助學生重拾信心。通過三個月的共同努力,班級的面貌煥然一新,學生對文理科,強弱科能夠科學正確對待,樹立了強科穩中有升,弱科加大力度,知難而進,決不氣餒。確有“明知山中有虎,偏要虎山行”的豪情壯志。學生一改往日應付英語學科的為難情緒和漠然態度,毅然決然地接受挑戰,努力拼搏,迎接中考。最后以升學率83%的優異成績升入內地高中班,其中本班薩力同學獲得了我校民考民第一名的好成績。

        2. 針對基礎空缺或不扎實的現狀,重新整合三年的教材內容。在初三新授階段補充初一、初二的遺漏知識,并要盡力做到見縫插針,不留遺憾,補丁打得即美觀又結實。例如: 學習新課標九年級〈Unit14〉Have you packed yet? 循環呈現重點英語語法現在完成時,恰好本知識點第一次出現在初二下冊Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?中真是千載難逢的好時機,本人便將現在完成時態完整地由淺入深地教授給學生,收到了良好的效果,教研中心盧萍老師指導聽課,給予高度的評價。

        3.在基礎薄弱的班級另辟新徑,填補空缺,提高詞匯教學的容量和質量。如:每接一個新班時,發現學生的單詞記憶和詞匯運用存在一定的問題,本人便產生了很多顧慮和擔憂: 依據學生現有知是按部就班地教下去,還是大膽地進行改革嘗試,加大容量,放快速度追趕其他教學班?因為時間緊,任務重,本人當時處于進退兩難的境地,于是就聽取同行老師們對課堂教學的建議,放下顧慮,大膽嘗試;在教學中邊講邊改,邊改邊學,盡快拉近老師與同學的距離,縮短了磨合期和適應期,順利地走上科學正確的軌道。

        三、英語課堂上有效地駕馭學生,調節課堂氣氛,從而激發學習熱情,能對教學效果起到事半功倍的效果。如:教授被動語態時,由于本語法知識是初中階段的重點和難點,語法教學單調而枯燥。于是在課堂上,本人設置了一連串的頭腦風暴式提問。如:各種時態的被動語態是如何構成的等各種小問題,連續提出來,并出其不意地指名任何一個學生回答,每個學生就會立即緊張起來,豎起耳朵,惟恐聽不清老師的提問。又如:本人在課堂上常用一個個充滿異國風味,飽含激情的詞如“Excellent!” “Wonderful”、“Terrific”、“Fantastic” 等詞語,伴隨著親切的目光和體態語與學生產生情感共鳴,引發學生的心靈震動,激發學生的成就感和自豪感,讓藝術的評價成功推進學生的學習的動力,從而達到理想的調節效果.當學生的回答不盡如人意,甚至是錯誤時,老師應給予鼓勵的目光,并善于發現學生在學習過程的情感態度。不能隨意批評學生,這樣會增大師生之間的心理差距,從而使學生產生消極情緒。比如: “It doesn't matter. I’m sure you would do better next time.”糾正該學生的錯誤并給予鼓勵;用“You’re diligent”贊美學生付出的辛勤勞動,用“Good job in cooperation with others.” 表揚學生良好的合作學習方式,用“ You’re creative” 贊賞學生具有創造性或獨創性的見解,還有“Your handwriting is very beautiful! You have a good head for English .You work hard enough..You’re very gifted” 等等。這樣的評價能引導學生在受挫時歸因于自己未盡全力,從而嘗試以加倍的努力去戰勝困難,爭取下次做得更好,還有利于培養學生頑強的意志和勇于接受挑戰的心人格的塑造。

        四、英語教學魅力――“半句話”效應。在英語課上,我們教師應該做到話到嘴邊留半句,不要什么都由你來說,教師要啟發學生,讓學生的腦細胞真正的動起來,為了回答你的問題去思考,這樣他們才能感到有興趣,如果他們說對了,會有一種強烈成功感和自豪感,就不會再感到上英語課難熬了。那么,如何做到“留半句”呢?

        1.課文翻譯,留半句。講解課文和對話的時候,可以直接找同學翻譯。如果文章較難,教師可以說前半句,后半句學生來說。他們的注意力便會跟著你走,跟著文章段落走,從而做到真正獨立思考。

        2.寫句子,留半句。舉例子說明知識點用法是,教師可把次要的詞語寫出來,留下幾個空,讓同學們來填全,他們會全神貫注,雙眼緊盯黑板,大腦緊鑼密鼓,嘴里試著說出想起來的詞匯或短語。這時候你會感到智慧的火花在碰撞。而且學生們更愿意展示自己的才能與智慧。

        I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.I think you should ……

        3.知識點,留半句。歸納總結知識點時,教師要使學生的注意力高度集中,使大腦這部機器飛速運轉。

        如:老師:plan__________學生:to do__________老師:would like__________學生:to do 老師:It is important__________學生:to do something

        4.填單詞,留半句。做練習時會遇上很多需要填寫一個詞的時候,教師千萬不要一切包辦代替。要讓學生自己想,實在想不起來了,教師再給出提示啟發他們。

        如:Let’s make an invi__________(tation) for Teacher’s Day.

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